Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors High-Frequency, High-Power, High-Voltage Chips with Nonmagnetic Option Rugged fexibility and compatibility with FR4 boards make Type MC and MCN capacitors ideal for use where other multilayer caps aren’t recommended because of cracking. The natural mica dielectric retains its high-Q to many megahertz, so higher frequency applications are limited by the circuit inductance, not the Type MC capacitor. Nonmagnetic Type MCN chips are available for MRI and other high frequency applications that often use more expensive porcelain ceramic chips. Highlights Applications • Extremely high Q at UHF/VHF frequencies • MRI Coils and Generators • Free from thermal cracking, FR4 compatible • RF Instruments • Wave solderable • Power Amplifers • Nonmagnetic option • Tuned LCR Circuits • Exceed 2 mm bend test • CATV • Better than porcelain • Ground and Flight Mobile Radio • High RF current — dV/dt 20,000 V/µs • Lasers • Rock stable: No change with time, V & f • Software - Defned Frequency-Hopping Radio Specifcations Voltages: 100 Vdc, 500 Vdc, and 1000 Vdc Capacitance Range: 0.5 pF to 2,200 pF Capacitance Tolerance: ±0.1pF to ±5% Temperature Range: –55 ºC to +125 ºC Case Sizes: 0805, 1210, 1812, and 2220 Ratings RoHS Compliant Cap Catalog Case Cap Catalog Case Cap Catalog Case (pF) Part Number Type (pF) Part Number Type (pF) Part Number Type 100 Vdc 100 Vdc 100 Vdc 0.5 MC08CA0R5D-F 0805 68 MC08FA680J-F 0805 360 MC12FA361J-F 1210 1.0 MC08CA010D-F 0805 75 MC08FA750J-F 0805 390 MC12FA391J-F 1210 2.0 MC08CA020D-F 0805 82 MC08FA820J-F 0805 430 MC12FA431J-F 1210 3.0 MC08CA030D-F 0805 91 MC08FA910J-F 0805 250 MC18FA251J-F 1812 4.0 MC08CA040D-F 0805 100 MC08FA101J-F 0805 270 MC18FA271J-F 1812 5.0 MC08CA050D-F 0805 47 MC12FA470J-F 1210 300 MC18FA301J-F 1812 6.0 MC08CA060D-F 0805 50 MC12FA500J-F 1210 330 MC18FA331J-F 1812 7.0 MC08CA070D-F 0805 51 MC12FA510J-F 1210 360 MC18FA361J-F 1812 8.0 MC08CA080D-F 0805 56 MC12FA560J-F 1210 390 MC18FA391J-F 1812 9.0 MC08CA090D-F 0805 62 MC12FA620J-F 1210 430 MC18FA431J-F 1812 10.0 MC08CA100D-F 0805 68 MC12FA680J-F 1210 470 MC18FA471J-F 1812 12.0 MC08EA120J-F 0805 75 MC12FA750J-F 1210 500 MC18FA501J-F 1812 15.0 MC08EA150J-F 0805 82 MC12FA820J-F 1210 510 MC18FA511J-F 1812 18.0 MC08EA180J-F 0805 91 MC12FA910J-F 1210 560 MC18FA561J-F 1812 20.0 MC08EA200J-F 0805 100 MC12FA101J-F 1210 620 MC18FA621J-F 1812 22.0 MC08EA220J-F 0805 110 MC12FA111J-F 1210 680 MC18FA681J-F 1812 24.0 MC08EA240J-F 0805 120 MC12FA121J-F 1210 750 MC18FA751J-F 1812 27.0 MC08EA270J-F 0805 130 MC12FA131J-F 1210 820 MC18FA821J-F 1812 30.0 MC08EA300J-F 0805 150 MC12FA151J-F 1210 910 MC22FA911J-F 2220 33.0 MC08FA330J-F 0805 160 MC12FA161J-F 1210 1000 MC22FA102J-F 2220 36.0 MC08FA360J-F 0805 180 MC12FA181J-F 1210 1100 MC22FA112J-F 2220 39.0 MC08FA390J-F 0805 200 MC12FA201J-F 1210 1200 MC22FA122J-F 2220 43.0 MC08FA430J-F 0805 220 MC12FA221J-F 1210 1500 MC22FA152J-F 2220 47.0 MC08FA470J-F 0805 240 MC12FA241J-F 1210 1800 MC22FA182J-F 2220 50.0 MC08FA500J-F 0805 250 MC12FA251J-F 1210 2000 MC22FA202J-F 2220 51.0 MC08FA510J-F 0805 270 MC12FA271J-F 1210 2200 MC22FA222J-F 2220 56.0 MC08FA560J-F 0805 300 MC12FA301J-F 1210 62.0 MC08FA620J-F 0805 330 MC12FA331J-F 1210 CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 1 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors RoHS Compliant Cap Catalog Case Cap Catalog Case Cap Catalog Case (pF) Part Number Type (pF) Part Number Type (pF) Part Number Type 500 Vdc 500 Vdc 500 Vdc 0.5 MC08CD0R5D-F 0805 18 MC12ED180J-F 1210 130 MC18FD131J-F 1812 1 MC08CD010D-F 0805 20 MC12ED200J-F 1210 150 MC18FD151J-F 1812 2 MC08CD020D-F 0805 22 MC12ED220J-F 1210 160 MC18FD161J-F 1812 3 MC08CD030D-F 0805 24 MC12ED240J-F 1210 180 MC18FD181J-F 1812 4 MC08CD040D-F 0805 27 MC12ED270J-F 1210 200 MC18FD201J-F 1812 5 MC08CD050D-F 0805 30 MC12ED300J-F 1210 220 MC18FD221J-F 1812 6 MC08CD060D-F 0805 33 MC12FD330J-F 1210 240 MC18FD241J-F 1812 7 MC08CD070D-F 0805 36 MC12FD360J-F 1210 250 MC18FD251J-F 1812 8 MC08CD080D-F 0805 39 MC12FD390J-F 1210 270 MC18FD271J-F 1812 9 MC08CD090D-F 0805 43 MC12FD430J-F 1210 300 MC18FD301J-F 1812 10 MC08CD100D-F 0805 47 MC12FD470J-F 1210 330 MC18FD331J-F 1812 12 MC08ED120J-F 0805 50 MC12FD500J-F 1210 360 MC18FD361J-F 1812 15 MC08ED150J-F 0805 51 MC12FD510J-F 1210 390 MC18FD391J-F 1812 18 MC08ED180J-F 0805 56 MC12FD560J-F 1210 430 MC18FD431J-F 1812 20 MC08ED200J-F 0805 62 MC12FD620J-F 1210 470 MC18FD471J-F 1812 1 MC12CD010D-F 1210 68 MC12FD680J-F 1210 500 MC22FD501J-F 2220 2 MC12CD020D-F 1210 75 MC12FD750J-F 1210 510 MC22FD511J-F 2220 3 MC12CD030D-F 1210 82 MC12FD820J-F 1210 560 MC22FD561J-F 2220 4 MC12CD040D-F 1210 91 MC12FD910J-F 1210 620 MC22FD621J-F 2220 5 MC12CD050D-F 1210 100 MC12FD101J-F 1210 680 MC22FD681J-F 2220 6 MC12CD060D-F 1210 110 MC12FD111J-F 1210 750 MC22FD751J-F 2220 7 MC12CD070D-F 1210 120 MC12FD121J-F 1210 820 MC22FD821J-F 2220 8 MC12CD080D-F 1210 130 MC12FD131J-F 1210 910 MC22FD911J-F 2220 9 MC12CD090D-F 1210 150 MC12FD151J-F 1210 1000 MC22FD102J-F 2220 10 MC12CD100D-F 1210 100 MC18FD101J-F 1812 1100 MC22FD112J-F 2220 12 MC12ED120J-F 1210 110 MC18FD111J-F 1812 1200 MC22FD122J-F 2220 15 MC12ED150J-F 1210 120 MC18FD121J-F 1812 Cap Catalog Case Cap Catalog Case Cap Catalog Part Case (pF) Part Number Type (pF) Part Number Type (pF) Number Type 1000 Vdc 1000 Vdc 1000 Vdc 0.5 MC12CF0R5D-F 1210 39 MC12FF390J-F 1210 250 MC22FF251J-F 2220 1.0 MC12CF010D-F 1210 43 MC12FF430J-F 1210 270 MC22FF271J-F 2220 2.0 MC12CF020D-F 1210 47 MC12FF470J-F 1210 300 MC22FF301J-F 2220 3.0 MC12CF030D-F 1210 50 MC12FF500J-F 1210 330 MC22FF331J-F 2220 4.0 MC12CF040D-F 1210 51 MC22FF510J-F 2220 360 MC22FF361J-F 2220 5.0 MC12CF050D-F 1210 56 MC22FF560J-F 2220 390 MC22FF391J-F 2220 6.0 MC12CF060D-F 1210 62 MC22FF620J-F 2220 430 MC22FF431J-F 2220 7.0 MC12CF070D-F 1210 68 MC22FF680J-F 2220 470 MC22FF471J-F 2220 8.0 MC12CF080D-F 1210 75 MC22FF750J-F 2220 500 MC22FF501J-F 2220 9.0 MC12CF090D-F 1210 82 MC22FF820J-F 2220 510 MC22FF511J-F 2220 10.0 MC12CF100D-F 1210 91 MC22FF910J-F 2220 560 MC22FF561J-F 2220 12.0 MC12EF120J-F 1210 100 MC22FF101J-F 2220 620 MC22FF621J-F 2220 15.0 MC12EF150J-F 1210 110 MC22FF111J-F 2220 680 MC22FF681J-F 2220 18.0 MC12EF180J-F 1210 120 MC22FF121J-F 2220 750 MC22FF751J-F 2220 20.0 MC12EF200J-F 1210 130 MC22FF131J-F 2220 820 MC22FF821J-F 2220 22.0 MC12EF220J-F 1210 150 MC22FF151J-F 2220 910 MC22FF911J-F 2220 24.0 MC12EF240J-F 1210 160 MC22FF161J-F 2220 1000 MC22FF102J-F 2220 27.0 MC12EF270J-F 1210 180 MC22FF181J-F 2220 1100 MC22FF112J-F 2220 30.0 MC12EF300J-F 1210 200 MC22FF201J-F 2220 1200 MC22FF122J-F 2220 33.0 MC12FF330J-F 1210 220 MC22FF221J-F 2220 1500 MC22FF152J-F 2220 36.0 MC12FF360J-F 1210 240 MC22FF241J-F 2220 CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 2 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Part Numbering System and Ordering Information Order by complete part number, as below. For other options, write your requirement on your RFQ. MC(N) 22 F D 122 J – T F CDE Case Temperature RoHS Type Code Coefficient Voltage Capacitance Package (MC only) MCN complies MC = Standard 08 = 0805 A = 100 Vdc 010 = 1 pF Blank = Bulk (no F required) MCN = Nonmagnetic 12 = 1210 D = 500 Vdc 1R8 = 1.8 pF T = Tape & reel Capacitor Tolerance 18 = 1812 F = 1000 Vdc (187) = 187 pF not specific 22 = 2220 182 = 1800 pF Tol. Capacitance Tolerance TC Capacitance Temperature Capacitance Code Range Code Range (pF) Coefficient ppm/ºC Drift B ±0.1 pF 0.5 pF to 5 pF C 0.5 to 10 100 ±100 ±(0.5% +0.1 pF) C ±0.25 pF 0.5 pF to 100 pF E 10.5 to 30 50 ±50 ±(0.1% +0.1 pF) D ±0.5 pF 0.5 pF to 10 pF D ±0.50% 50.5 pF to 100 pF F 30.5 & up 25 ±25 ±(0.05% +0.1 pF) F ±1 pF 5.5 pF to 10 pF F ±1% 25.5 pF and up G ±2% 13.0 pF and up Available Capacitance Values J ±5% 10.5 pF and up Minimum Standard Minimum Quanti- Capacitance (pF) Case Cap. Reel Packed Code 100 Vdc 500 Vdc 1000 Vdc Step, pF Case Codes 08 & 12: 3,000/reel* 08 0.5 to 100 0.5 to 20 N/A 0.5 12 43.5 to 100 0.5 to 100 N/A 0.5 Case Codes 18 & 22: 1,000/reel** 12 101 to 430 101 to 150 N/A 1.0 Bulk Packed 12 0.5 to 50 1.0 100 per bag 18 241 to 820 91.5 to 470 N/A 1.0 *note - MC12, 100 volt units -250 22 821 to 1000 471 to 1000 N/A 1.0 pF and above, and 500 volt units 22 1010 to 2200 1010 to 1200 50.5 to 1500 10.0 -100 pF and above 2000 pc reels **note - MC22, 1000 volt units -680 pF and above 500 pc reels Case Sizes INCHES MILLIMETERS Case Case H I H I L W L W Code Type (Max.) Min./Max. (Max.) Min./Max. 0.079 0.049 2.0 1.25 08 0805 0.055 0.008/0.035 1.4 0.2/0.9 +.02 –0 +0.5 –0 +0.5 –0 +.02 –0 0.126 0.098 3.2 2.5 12 1210 0.079 0.012/0.043 2.0 0.3/1.1 +.024–.004 +.024–.004 +0.6 –0.1 +0.6 –0.1 0.177 0.126 4.5 3.2 18 1812 0.079 0.012/0.051 2.0 0.3/1.3 +.024 –.008 +.024 –.0 +0.6 –0.2 +0.6 –0 0.224 0.197 5.7 5.0 22 2220 0.079 0.012/0.051 2.0* 0.3/1.3 +.016 –.012 +.016 –.012 +0.4 –0.3 +0.4 –0.3 *.157 (4.0 mm) for 1000 V rating CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 3 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Typical Performance Curves Type MC Typical ESR vs. Frequency 100 10 1pF/100V MC08 1 10pF/100V MC08 0.1 100pF/500V MC12 470pF/500V MC18 0.01 470pF/1000V MC22 1000pF/1000V MC22 0.001 1 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency (MHz) 82906a Type MC Maximum RMS Current vs. Frequency 100 1000pF/1000V MC22 10 470pF/1000V MC22 1 470pF/500V MC18 100pF/500V MC12 0.1 10pF/100V MC08 0.01 0.001 1pF/100V MC08 0.0001 1 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency (MHz) CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 4 E.S.R. (Ohms) RMS Current (Amps) Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Typical Performance Curves Type MC Typical Q vs. Frequency 10000 1pF/100V MC08 1000 10pF/100V MC08 100pF/500V MC12 470pF/500V MC18 100 Q 470pF/1000V MC22 1000pF/1000V MC22 10 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency (MHz) 82906b Type MC Typical Impedance vs. Frequency 1000000 100000 1pF/100V MC08 10000 1000 10pF/100V MC08 100 100pF/500V MC12 10 470pF/500V MC18 470pF/1000V MC22 1 1000pF/1000V MC22 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency (MHz) 82906a CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 5 Impedance (ohms) Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors High Q, Low ESR Construction for RF Power Applications Resin Coating Terminal Glass Mica Sn Plating Conductive Resin Ag Electrode Ni Electrode: Type MC Cu Electrode: Nonmagnetic Type MCN Specifications Marking Voltage (Color Coded) Capacitance Code Base Code Base Code Value Ltr. Value Ltr. 10 A 40 d 11 B 43 R 12 C 45 e Capacitance is within tolerance when measured 13 D 47 S as follows: 15 E 50 f 1—1000 pF @ 1 MHz 16 F 51 T >1000 pF @ 1 kHz 18 G 56 U 20 H 60 m Dissipation Factor is no more than 0.1% when 22 J 62 V measured as above at 5 Vrms or less. 24 K 68 W 25 a 70 n 27 L 75 X 30 M 80 t Code 33 N 82 Y Multiplier No. 35 b 90 y X 0.1 0 36 P 91 Z X 1 1 39 Q X 10 2 X 100 3 Example: X 0.01 9 R1 = 43 pF CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 6 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Specifications Temperature Coefficient and each of three mutually perpendicular Quality Factor (Q) is as fol- directions. There will be no visual Drift: Measure the capacitors’ lows when measured at 1 MHz damage and the capacitors will meet capacitance at 25 ºC, –55 ºC, 25 ºC, the limits of the table below. 125 ºC and at 25 ºC — all ±3 ºC — after stabilizing at each temperature. Capacitance The capacitor will meet the limits of Min. Q Bending Test: Mount the capaci- Range the Characteristic table in Ordering tor as shown below and press the ram 1 to 80 pF 500 to 3000 Information. bar until a 2.0 mm deflection is >80 pF 3000 achieved. There will be no visual damage and the capacitors will meet Heat Resistance: Subject the Insulation Resistance is no less the limits of methods JIS 5102 8.11 capacitors to 125 ±2 ºC for 2 (+1,–0) than 100 GΩ when measured at 100 and AEC-Q200-005 without crack- hours. Then the insulation resistance Vdc ing or visual damage. will be no less than 5GΩ. Withstanding voltage is two Solderability: After 2 ±0.5 sec- times the rated voltage between 5 onds in molten solder with Sn-PB seconds and without damage: with between molten and solder at 235 ±5 50 mA or less current. ºC, solder coverage will be no less than 75% when examined at 10X Life Test: Subject capacitors to magnification for flow soldering. 125 ºC ±3 ºC with 1.5 times rated voltage applied for 2000 (+72, –0) Solder Heat Resistance: Sub- hours. There will be no visual dam- ject the capacitors to molten solder age and the capacitors will meet the at 250±5 ºC for 5±0.5 seconds after limits of the table below. 10 to 30 seconds pre-heating at 80 to 120 ºC. There will be no visual Vibration Resistance: Subject damage and the capacitors will meet Moisture Resistance: Subject the capacitors to simple harmonic the limits of the table below. the capacitors to 40 ±2 ºC at 90 to motion with an amplitude of 0.06 95% humidity for 500 (+24, –0) inches; vary the frequency uniformly hours. Return to room ambient for from 10 to 55 Hz and return to 10 Hz, 24 hours. There will be no visual all in one minute. Repeat that cycle damage and the capacitors will meet continuously for two hours in the limits of the table below. After-Test Limits Withstand Insulation Capacitance Test DF Q Voltage Resistance (whichever >) Life Test IL IL IV ±2% or ±.5 pF 150% max IL 2/3 x IL Vibration Resistance IL 30 GΩ IV ±1% or ±1 pF IL IL Bending Test IL IV ±.5% or ±1 pF IL Moisture Res. IL 30 GΩ IV ±3% or ±.5 pF 150% max IL 2/3 x IL Solderability IL IL IL IL IL Heat Resistance 5 GΩ Solder Heat Res. IL 30 GΩ IV ±.5% or ±1 pF IL IL CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 7 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Soldering Profiles Reflow Solder Profile 300 Peak: 230 ~ 260°C 250 220 ~ 260°C 200 10 sec. max. 150 100 50 Cooling Pre-Heat Soldering 0 0 30 50 150 180 200 Time (sec) Wave Solder Profile 300 Peak: 230 ~ 255 °C 250 220 ~ 255 °C 200 5 sec. max. 150 100 50 Pre-Heat Soldering Cooling 0 70 80 90 0 20 Time (sec) Tip of iron Solder Hand Soldering Method Capacitor • SnAgCu recommended solder • Do not use strong acid type flux with RM or RMA Solder • Soldering iron tip temperature should be 250 ºC to 280 ºC ≤ 5 sec. • 60 Watt iron or less Good Bad CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 8 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Surface-Mount Chip Mica Capacitors for Auto Insertion Carrier Dimensions Case Code Item Symbol 08 12 18 22 Sprocket hole pitch P1 .157 ±.008 (4.0 ±0.2) Sprocket hole location B .069 ±.008 (1.75 ±0.2) Hole center to cavity center C .138 ±.002 (3.5 ±0.05) .217±.004 (5.5 ±0.1) Carrier tape width D .315 ±.012 (8.0 ±0.3) .472 ±.012 (12.0 ±0.3) Sprocket hole diameter d .059 (1.5 ) Cavity pitch P .157 .004 (4.0 ±0.1) .315 ±.008 (8.0 ±0.2) 0 Hole center to cavity center P .079 ±.004 (2.0 ±0.1) 2 Cavity length L .110 (2.8 ) .150 (3.8 ) .205 (5.2 ) .246 (6.25 ) Cavity width W .075 ±.008 (1.9 ±0.2) .118 ±.008 (3.0 ±0.2) .161 ±.008 (4.1 ±0.2) .217 ±.008 (5.5 ±0.2) Cavity depth T .051 ±.004 (1.3 ±0.1) .059 ±.004 (1.5 ±0.1) .071 ±.004 (1.8 ±0.1) .087 ±.004 (2.2 ±0.1) Carrier tape thickness t .012 ±.002 (0.3 ±0.05) Holder distance W .354 (9.0 ) .512 (13.0 ) 1 Reel thickness W about .47 (12) about .63 (16) 2 CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 1/10/2008 9 Types MC and MCN Multilayer RF Capacitors Notice and Disclaimer: All product drawings, descriptions, specifcations, statements, information and data (collectively, the “Information”) in this datasheet or other publication are subject to change. The customer is responsible for checking, confrming and verifying the extent to which the Information contained in this datasheet or other publication is applicable to an order at the time the order is placed. All Information given herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, but it is presented without any guarantee, warranty, representation or responsibility of any kind, expressed or implied. Statements of suitability for certain applications are based on the knowledge that the Cornell Dubilier company providing such statements (“Cornell Dubilier”) has of operating conditions that such Cornell Dubilier company regards as typical for such applications, but are not intended to constitute any guarantee, warranty or representation regarding any such matter – and Cornell Dubilier specifcally and expressly disclaims any guarantee, warranty or representation concerning the suitability for a specifc customer application, use, storage, transportation, or operating environment. The Information is intended for use only by customers who have the requisite experience and capability to determine the correct products for their application. Any technical advice inferred from this Information or otherwise provided by Cornell Dubilier with reference to the use of any Cornell Dubilier products is given gratis (unless otherwise specifed by Cornell Dubilier), and Cornell Dubilier assumes no obligation or liability for the advice given or results obtained. Although Cornell Dubilier strives to apply the most stringent quality and safety standards regarding the design and manufacturing of its products, in light of the current state of the art, isolated component failures may still occur. Accordingly, customer applications which require a high degree of reliability or safety should employ suitable designs or other safeguards (such as installation of protective circuitry or redundancies or other appropriate protective measures) in order to ensure that the failure of an electrical component does not result in a risk of personal injury or property damage. Although all product-related warnings, cautions and notes must be observed, the customer should not assume that all safety measures are indicated in such warnings, cautions and notes, or that other safety measures may not be required. CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com 10