Circuit Protection Solutions Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses WORLD-WIDE CIRCUIT PROTECTION SOLUTIONS Cooper Bussmann are one of the world’s leading suppliers of fuses and fusible protection systems. Provider of the world’s first truly global product line, each product is backed by an efficient worldwide distribution network service and unrivalled technical support. Cooper Bussmann circuit protection solutions comply with major international standards: BS, IEC, DIN and UL. Cooper Bussmann Medium Voltage fuses have absorbed and embodied the expertise and experience of thirteen of the most prestigious manufacturers and are able to offer an unbeatable range of products in terms of technical excellence, performance and quality. Cooper Bussmann offer a wider range of Medium Voltage fuses than any other manufacturer and types are available to meet most service applications. With over 50 years’ experience in design and manufacture, Cooper Bussmann have supplied fuse-links to more than 90 countries world-wide. Cooper Bussmann Medium Voltage fuse-links are extremely effective in preventing damage to a system in the event of a fault, due to considerable limitation of let-through current in DIN and British Standard designs to the latest IEC requirements. Cooper Bussmann are pioneers in the development of Full Range Medium Voltage fuse-links and is consequently the market leader in this field offering genuine full range characteristics. Cooper Bussmann team of specialist engineers play a leading role in international standardisation of Medium Voltage fuses, offering a comprehensive service of advice on selection and applications. With a continual commitment to meet customers’ needs, with innovative, high quality products with ISO9002 ‘approved systems’, Cooper Bussmann are the suppliers choice for Medium Voltage Circuit Protection Solutions. Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Boric Acid Fuses Table of Contents Page Introduction 1 Features of BBU Fuse Links 1 BBU Fuse Mount 2 Operation 3 Application 3 4 Catalogue numbers Outdoor BBU fuse fitting 5 Fuse dimensions 6 Installation 6 Application note 7 8 Cross-reference charts Testing and performance 12 Quality 12 Certification 13 Time current characteristics 14 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Introduction ® The Cooper Bussmann BBU medium voltage Boric Acid fuse-link and complementary fuse mount or cut-out package is an expulsion fuse-link style fuse, complete with a single pole porcelain fuse-mount offering medium voltage protection for indoor and outdoor applications. The fuse mount is available at either 17 or 27 kV and is designed to withstand the most hazardous environmental conditions. The contact system is made from a copper alloy ensuring a long service life in the field. ® The fuse mount already has the outdoor fittings, so simply adding a Cooper Bussmann BBU fuse-link will deliver a complete outdoor transformer protection solution. ® The Cooper Bussmann range of BBU fuse-links can be used indoors as well as outdoors. A muffler attachment can be ordered to limit noise and contamination to indoor equipment during operation. BBUs fuse-links are designed to be interchangeable with other leading manufacturers and are available from 17 kV through to 38 kV, from 3 to 200 amps, with K, E and SE time-current characteristics. The Boric Acid fuse-link employs calibrated silver elements combined with boric acid crystals for its interruption media. The mechanical utilization of the spring and road mechanism creates an interruption technique that offers mild exhaustion during fault interruption. Boric Acid fuse-links are ideally suited to provide distribution transformer protection within electrical distribution networks. Features of BBU Fuse-Links ® A complete distribution transformer package from a single source – Cooper Bussmann offers a single source for all of your protection needs; both fuse-link and fuse mount are fully interchangeable with other manufacturers product lines. ® Additionally, customers can benefit from access to Cooper Bussmann other protection products in medium and low voltage delivering effective vendor based reduction, lowering procurement costs. Sealed fuse-links – All BBU fuse-links are sealed from moisture ingress, preventing deterioration of performance in the field and improving overall network reliability while reducing costs. ® Fully tested – Cooper Bussmann BBU fuse-links are tested to both ANSI C.37 and the Australian standard AS1033.1, which due to Australia’s unique landscape and harsh climate, is widely regarded as the most onerous type test of expulsion fuse-link style protection in the world today. ® Single piece end fittings – The Cooper Bussmann fuse-link package comes with single piece end fittings, reducing set-up time in the field and lowering inventory, thereby improving network productivity. Single wrench installation – the fuse-links are designed to be installed with a single type of tool, again reducing maintenance, replacement and installation costs Other features to improve safety and overall reliability include the use of a Nichrome strain element, to reduce susceptibility to spurious operation in the field caused by vibration and corona, a glass epoxy tube, preventing warping during long time exposure and permanent date marking facilitating a more robust Operation & Maintenance regime. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 1 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses BBU Fuse Mount Latch-and-upper- Fuse-unit upper end contact assembly Bird-proof-design insulator- fitting (reusable) provides insulation characteristics higher than ANSI distribution-cut-out standards and equal in most cases to ANSI switch and bus standards Loadbuster attachment hooks- also provide self-guiding action for fuse unit during closing BBU Fuse Unit- replaced after a fault-clearing operation Fuse-unit lower end fitting (reusable) Hinge-and-lower- Overhead-pole-top style Illustrated contact assembly Principle parts of the replaceable BBU fuse unit are shown in the cross section view. Main operating parts are the silver element, arcing rod, boric acid cylinder and spring. A glass epoxy tube encloses the assembly. The use of a pure silver element and Nichrome wire strain element makes the BBU less susceptible to outages caused by vibration, corona corrosion, and aging of the fuse elements. It is not damaged by transient faults or overloads which approach the minimum melt point. BBU Fuse Construction The components are housed in a fiberglass reinforced resin tube with plated copper contacts. Positive connection is maintained between the arcing rod and contact with a sliding tulip contact. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 2 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Operation BBU expulsion fuse-links utilize the proven performance of When the fuse operates, the upward motion of the spring boric acid to create the de-ionizing action needed to forces the top ofthe arcing rod to penetrate the upperseal, interrupt the current. Fault interruption is achieved by the striking the latch mechanism. action of an arcing rod and a charged spring, elongating On indoor applications, this action caused the blown fuse the arc through a boric acid chamber upon release by the indicator to actuate. fuse element. When replacing the blown fuse-link, the end fittings should At high temperatures, boric acid decomposes producing a be removed from the operated fuse unit, and if blast of water vapor and inert boric anhydride. Electrical undamaged, clamped onto the new fuse unit. interruption is caused by the steam extinguishing the arc, as the arc is being elongated through the cylinder. Higher particle turbulence of the boric acid causes the rate of de-ionization in the cylinder to exceed the ionization of the electrical arc. Both high and low current faults are interrupted in the same manner with no foreign material other than the boric acid required. This enables the fuse to interrupt short circuits within one-half cycle and prevents the arc from restriking after a current zero. After interruption, the gases are expelled from the bottom of the fuse. The arching rod is prevented from falling back into its original position by a friction stop at the top of the fuse unit. Element Vapor Rod withdraws, Melts elongating arc and quenches arc at first vaporizing Boric current zero Acid Application The BBU Boric acid Fuse provides effective protection for circuits and equipment which operate on voltage systems up to 34,500V. They can be used on industrial distribution systems and all fuses are designed for use on the following: ● Power Transformers ● Feeder Circuits ● Distribution Transformers ● Metal-enclosed Switchgear ● Pad Mount Switches BBU Fuse units can be used in indoor applications, and can be used to directly replace competitive equivalent units. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 3 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Catalogue Numbers Indoor Indoor 50 E 27 BBU27-50E 3 K 17 BBU17-3K 65 E 27 BBU27-65E 6 K 17 BBU17-6K 80 E 27 BBU27-80E 8 K 17 BBU17-8K 100 E 27 BBU27-100E 10 K 17 BBU17-10K 12.5 125 E 27 BBU27-125E 12 K 17 BBU17-12K 150 E 27 BBU27-150E 15 K 17 BBU17-15K 175 E 27 BBU27-175E 20 K 17 BBU17-20K 200 E 27 BBU27-200E 25 K 17 BBU17-25K 14 30 K 17 BBU17-30K 15 SE 27 BBU27-15SE 40 K 17 BBU17-40K 20 SE 27 BBU27-20SE 50 K 17 BBU17-50K 25 SE 27 BBU27-25SE 65 K 17 BBU17-65K 30 SE 27 BBU27-30SE 80 K 17 BBU17-80K 40 SE 27 BBU27-40SE 100 K 17 BBU17-100K 50 SE 27 BBU27-50SE 140 K 17 BBU17-140K 65 SE 27 BBU27-65SE 200 K 17 BBU17-200K 80 SE 27 BBU27-80SE 12.5 100 SE 27 BBU27-100SE 5 E 17 BBU17-5E 125 SE 27 BBU27-125SE 7 E 17 BBU17-7E 150 SE 27 BBU27-150SE 10 E 17 BBU17-10E 175 SE 27 BBU27-175SE 13 E 17 BBU17-13E 200 SE 27 BBU27-200SE 15 E 17 BBU17-15E 20 E 17 BBU17-20E 3 K 38 BBU38-3K 25 E 17 BBU17-25E 6 K 38 BBU38-6K 30 E 17 BBU17-30E 4 8 K 38 BBU38-8K 40 E 17 BBU17-40E 10 K 38 BBU38-10K 50 E 17 BBU17-50E 12 K 38 BBU38-12K 65 E 17 BBU17-65E 15 K 38 BBU38-15K 80 E 17 BBU17-80E 20 K 38 BBU38-20K 10 100 E 17 BBU17-100E 30 K 38 BBU38-30K 125 E 17 BBU17-125E 40 K 38 BBU38-40K 150 E 17 BBU17-150E 50 K 38 BBU38-50K 175 E 17 BBU17-175E 65 K 38 BBU38-65K 200 E 17 BBU17-200E 80 K 38 BBU38-80K 100 K 38 BBU38-100K 15 SE 17 BBU17-15SE 140 K 38 BBU38-140K 20 SE 17 BBU17-20SE 200 K 38 BBU38-200K 25 SE 17 BBU17-25SE 30 SE 17 BBU17-30SE 5 E 38 BBU38-5E 40 SE 17 BBU17-40SE 7 E 38 BBU38-7E 50 SE 17 BBU17-50SE 10 E 38 BBU38-10E 65 SE 17 BBU17-65SE 14 13 E 38 BBU38-13E 80 SE 17 BBU17-80SE 15 E 38 BBU38-15E 100 SE 17 BBU17-100SE 20 E 38 BBU38-20E 125 SE 17 BBU17-125SE 25 E 38 BBU38-25E 150 SE 17 BBU17-150SE 30 E 38 BBU38-30E 175 SE 17 BBU17-175SE 40 E 38 BBU38-40E 200 SE 17 BBU17-200SE 50 E 38 BBU38-50E 10 65 E 38 BBU38-65E 3 K 27 BBU27-3K 80 E 38 BBU38-80E 6 K 27 BBU27-6K 100 E 38 BBU38-100E 8 K 27 BBU27-8K 125 E 38 BBU38-125E 10 K 27 BBU27-10K 150 E 38 BBU38-150E 12 K 27 BBU27-12K 175 E 38 BBU38-175E 15 K 27 BBU27-15K 200 E 38 BBU38-200E 20 K 27 BBU27-20K 25 K 27 BBU27-25K 15 SE 38 BBU38-15SE 30 K 27 BBU27-30K 12.5 20 SE 38 BBU38-20SE 40 K 27 BBU27-40K 25 SE 38 BBU38-25SE 50 K 27 BBU27-50K 30 SE 38 BBU38-30SE 65 K 27 BBU27-65K 40 SE 38 BBU38-40SE 80 K 27 BBU27-80K 50 SE 38 BBU38-50SE 100 K 27 BBU27-100K 65 SE 38 BBU38-65SE 140 K 27 BBU27-140K 80 SE 38 BBU38-80SE 10 200 K 27 BBU27-200K 100 SE 38 BBU38-100SE 125 SE 38 BBU38-125SE 5 E 27 BBU27-5E 150 SE 38 BBU38-150SE 7 E 27 BBU27-7E 175 SE 38 BBU38-175SE 10 E 27 BBU27-10E 200 SE 38 BBU38-200SE 13 E 27 BBU27-13E 15 E 27 BBU27-15E 12.5 20 E 27 BBU27-20E 25 E 27 BBU27-25E *Note: Muffler can be ordered separately for 30 E 27 BBU27-30E 40 E 27 BBU27-40E indoor use. Order Catalogue Number BBU-MFLR For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 4 Amps Fuse Type Voltage (kV) Catalog Number Max. Int. kA Sym End Fittings Catalog Number BBU-EFID BBU-EFID BBU-EFID BBU-EFID BBU-EFID 5E to 200E 3K to 200K 15SE to 200SE 5E to 200E 3K to 200K Ampere Rating Amps Fuse Type Voltage (kV) Catalog Number Max. Int. kA Sym End Fittings BBU-EFID Catalog Number BBU-EFID BBU-EFID BBU-EFID BBU-EFID 15SE to 200SE 5E to 200E 3K to 200K 15SE to 200SE 5E to 200E Ampere Rating A B A B Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Outdoor BBU Mount BBU27-PDM BBU17-PDM Total Outdoor mount 1Min high voltage A inches B inches Approximate insulator length catalogue withstand test KV (mm) (mm) weight(kg) inches(mm) number 20.4 21.0 BBU27-PDM 42 18.3(465) 20 (516.9) (534) 16.8 17.5 BBU17-PDM 35 14.8(375) 17.5 (426.9) (444) Outdoor BBU Fuse Fitting Outdoor end fittings are made of a cast-copper plated Clamp screw alloy. A large hook eye on the upper fitting allows for easy Upper and installation into pole-top mountings with a hook stick. The Locating Pin fitting (inside bore) pivotal design of this hook eye provides for proper Locknut engagement of the upper live part. The positive locking Lower Clamp Clamp screw action of the latch mechanism prevents detachment from and Locating fitting Slot the mounting due to shock or vibration. In the event of a Actucting Upper fault, the arcing rod will penetrate through the upper end of Pin- Seal extends the fuse unit, and cause the latch to release. Once through upper sed released, the fuse will rotate down into the drop-out Locating when fuse Slot position to indicate a blown-fuse condition. The lower end unit is blown and blown- fitting has two cylindrical posts that insert into the lower BBU fuse indicator fuse live part of the mounting. These posts allow the fuse to unit rotate into the proper engaged position, and suspend the Blue cop Lower fuse during a blown, drop-out condition. must not Ferrule be disturbed when BBU Locating fuse unit Pin is used in BBU fuse mounting Fuse unit with end fittings attached For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 5 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Fuse Dimensions 0.944 (23.98) 0.72(18.29) Fuse Unit Fittings Inches(mm) 1.244 (31.60) A B 19.08(484.63) 19.41(493.01) A B 22.58(573.53) 22.91(581.91) 28.76(730.50) 29.29(743.97) Installation Replacement (Refusing) in Outdoor Mountings A. When the fuse operates, the fuse unit swings to the open Clamp screw Upper position. Remove it from the mounting, using a universal and Locating Pin fitting pole equipped with a suitable fuse handling attachment. (inside bore) Locknut Examine the end of the fuse unit to determine that the Lower Clamp Clamp screw actuating pin extends through the upper seal, indicating and Locating that the fuse unit has operated. fitting Slot Actuating Upper B. Loosen the upper and lower end fitting clamp screws (pry Pin- Seal extends the upper end fitting clamp apart slightly with a screw through upper sed driver), and slide both end fittings off the upper end of the Locating when fuse Slot fuse unit. unit is blown and blown- BBU fuse indicator C. Next, attach the end fittings to a new fuse unit, following fuse the instructions given above. A fuse unit that has unit operated cannot be salvaged. Discard it. Blue cop Lower must not Ferrule be disturbed D. To avoid delay due to transferring of end fittings, spare when BBU Locating sets of end fittings may be kept on hand for attachment to fuse unit Pin is used in new fuse units immediately before refusing is to be BBU fuse performed. mounting Fuse unit with end fittings attached Unused Fuse-Unit End Fittings A coating of oxidation-inhibiting grease was applied to the contact rod at the factory. Verify the presence of this oxidation inhibiting grease, and that it is still free of (from) contaminants. If necessary, clean the contact rod with a nontoxic, nonflammable solvent and apply a coating of oxidation-inhibiting grease. End Fittings should be stored in the original shipping package (if possible) in an area free from excessive moisture. End Fitting should only be attached immediately prior to installation. Re-used Fuse-Unit End Fittings Remove the existing coating of oxidation-inhibiting grease, and any dirt from the contact rod using a nontoxic, nonflam- mable solvent. Inspect the contact rod for evidence of pitting. If pitting has occurred, file down any projections, abrade the surface, until smooth with an abrasive cloth or scratch brush, and wipe clean. Apply a new coating of oxidation- inhibiting grease, to the contact rod. If the contact has been burned, the contact and its mating part should be replaced. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 6 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Application Notes BBU Boric Acid Fuse-Application Notes The BBU Fuse will provide effective protection for circuits The continuous current rating of a BBU Power Fuse and equipment which operates on voltages from 2,400 should equal or exceed the maximum load current where Volts through 34,500 Volts. the fuse is applied. They are designed to carry their rated continuous current without exceeding the A spring-loaded arcing rod carries the normal continuous temperature rise outlined in NEMA and ANSI standards. current through the unit when the circuit is operational. Under normal conditions, the fusible element’s The BBU is available with continuous current ratings up temperature is below its melting temperature and does to 200 amperes. The current ratings carry an “E” not melt. When a fault occurs that is large enough to designation as defined by ANSI and NEMA. For melt the fuse element, an arc is initiated and elongated example, the current responsive element rated 100E by the units spring, pulling the arcing rod up into the amperes or below shall melt in 300 seconds at an rms boric acid interrupting media. The heat produced current within the range of 200 to 240 percent of the decomposes the boric acid liner inside producing water continuous current ratings. Above 100E amperes, vapor and boric anhydride which helps to de-ionize the melting takes place in 600 seconds at an rms current arc. The by-products extinguish the arc at a natural within the range of 220 to 264 percent of the continuous current zero by blasting through it and exiting out of the current rating. Slow “E” and “K” speeds are also bottom of the fuse. When installed indoors, the exhaust available and noise produced during the interruption process are Table 1: TRV Characteristics limited by the muffler attached to the lower end fitting. The BBU fuse unit is then discarded, and replaced with a new unit, re-using the end fittings if undamaged. Primary Faults Secondary Faults Test Circuit This assembly is then re-engaged into the live parts and Test Circuit Fuse TRV TRV Normal Normal TRV mounting. Although the process is more involved than TRV Rating Natural Natural Frequency Frequency Amplitude Amplitude kV Frequency just described, this should provide a general Frequency Recovery Recovery Factor Factor Kc Normal Voltage Voltage Kc understanding of how the BBU Power Fuse works to kV rms38 kV rms provide outstanding and economical protection with limited down time. 14.4 17.1 5.5 1.6 14.4 17 1.7 25 27 5.5 1.6 27 13 1.7 During the interrupting process, current continues to flow 34.5 38 3.9 1.6 38 6.5 1.7 in the circuit and in the fuse until a current zero is reached. When the arc is stopped at current zero, the voltage will attempt to re-ignite the arc. The voltage Table 2: BBU Power Fuse Short-Circuit Interrupting Ratings across the fuse terminals builds dramatically and is MVA,Interrupting referred to as the Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV). The Amperes,Interrupting kV,Nominal (Three-phase (RMS) TRV is the most severe waveform the fuse will have to symmetrical) withstand. This voltage build-up puts a great deal of Symmetrical potentially destructive force on the fuse units and the Where BBU System based on Asymmetrical X/R= 15 X/R = 15 system in total. Whether or not extinguishing of the arc 7.2 175 is successful depends, in general, on the dielectric 4.8/ 8.32Y 200 strength between the fuse terminals. In short, the 7.2/ 300 12.47Y dielectric strength between the fuse terminals must be 17 7.62/ 13.2Y 14000 22400 320 13.8 335 greater than the voltage trying to re-ignite the arc for a 14.4 350 successful interruption to occur. When properly applied, 16.5 400 the BBU Power Fuse has a dielectric recovery that is 7.2/ 12.47Y 270 greater than the TRV, regardless of the fault current. 7.62/ 13.2Y 285 (Refer to Table 1) 13.8 300 14.4 27 310 12500 20000 The maximum voltage rating of the BBU fuse is the 16.5 365 23.0 500 highest rms voltage at which the fuse is designed to 14.4/ 24.9Y 540 operate. Its dielectric withstand level corresponds to ... 20/ 34.5Y1 insulation levels of power class equipment, thus the 23.0 ... name “power fuse”. Maximum voltage ratings for BBU 14.4/ 24.9Y ... 38 27.6 10000 16000 475 Power Fuses are: 17KV, 27KV, and 38KV. The BBU has 20/ 34.5Y 600 interrupting capabilities from 10,000 to 14,000 amperes 34.5 600 symmetrical. 1 Applies to 23kV Single-Insulator Style only,for Protection of single-phase-to-neutral circuits (line or transformers) and three phase transformers or banks with solidly grounded neutral connections. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 7 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Coordination Consideration The total clearing time is the total amount of time it takes to clear a fault once the element has melted. The Coordination considerations must be made to help total clearing time is really the sum of the melting time determine what type of fuse is applied. The BBU Power and the time the fuse arcs during the clearing process. Fuse interrupts at a natural current zero in the current wave and allows a minimum of a half cycle of fault The BBU Power Fuse is offered in 3 configurations for current to flow before the fault is cleared. The time- use with high currents: “E” (Standard), “K” (Fast)and current characteristics associated with a BBU has a “SE” (Slow). The curves for the “SE” are less inverse and rather gradual slope making it easier to coordinate with allow for more of a time delay at high currents. downstream equipment. In addition, the BBU is ideal for Finally, low currents, usually referred to as overload higher voltage (up to 38 kV) and high current currents, must also be considered. The BBU and other applications (thru 200 Amps). It is important to examine expulsion fuses have a rather low thermal capacity and the minimum melting and total clearing time-current cannot carry overloads of the same magnitude and characteristics of this particular fuse. duration as motors and transformers of equal continuous The melting time is the time in seconds required to melt currents. For this reason, the fuse must be sized with the the fuse element. This curve indicates when or even if full load current in mind. This consideration should be the element of the fuse will melt for different symmetrical made so the fuse does not blow on otherwise acceptable current magnitudes. overloads and inrush conditions. Cross-reference Charts ® Cooper Bussmann BBU 17kV-38kV Comparison to S & C SM-20 & SMD-20 Cooper New “BBU” End ® Description Style kV Maximum kV Nominal S & C Catalogue Bussmann Fittings Catalogue End Fitting Indoor 17kV-38kV 14.4kV-34.5kv 3097 BBU-EFID with Muffler Muffler Only Indoor Only 17kV-38kV 14.4kV-34.5kV FA-104675 BBU-MFLR For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 8 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses ® Cooper Bussmann BBU 17kV Comparison to S & C SMU Cooper Ampere Rating kV Maximum kV Nominal Fuse Speed S & C Catalogue ® Bussmann 3K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702003 BBU17-3K 6K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702006 BBU17-6K 8K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702008 BBU17-8K 10K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702010 BBU17-10K 12K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702012 BBU17-12K 15K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702015 BBU17-15K 20K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702020 BBU17-20K 25K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702025 BBU17-25K 30K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702030 BBU17-30K 40K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702040 BBU17-40K 50K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702050 BBU17-50K 65K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702065 BBU17-65K 80K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702080 BBU17-80K 100K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702100 BBU17-100K 140K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702140 BBU17-140K 200K 17kV 14.4kV Standard 702200 BBU17-200K 5E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612005 BBU17-5E 7E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612007 BBU17-7E 10E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612010 BBU17-10E 13E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612013 BBU17-13E 15E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612015 BBU17-15E 20E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612020 BBU17-20E 25E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612025 BBU17-25E 30E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612030 BBU17-30E 40E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612040 BBU17-40E 50E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612050 BBU17-50E 65E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612065 BBU17-65E 80E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612080 BBU17-80E 100E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612100 BBU17-100E 125E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612101 BBU17-125E 150E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612150 BBU17-150E 175E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612175 BBU17-175E 200E 17kV 14.4kV Standard 612200 BBU17-200E 15E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712015 BBU17-15SE 20E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712020 BBU17-20SE 25E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712025 BBU17-25SE 30E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712030 BBU17-30SE 40E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712040 BBU17-40SE 50E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712050 BBU17-50SE 65E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712065 BBU17-65SE 80E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712080 BBU17-80SE 100E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712100 BBU17-100SE 125E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712125 BBU17-125SE 150E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712150 BBU17-150SE 175E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712175 BBU17-175SE 200E 17kV 14.4kV Slow 712200 BBU17-200SE For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 9 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses ® Cooper Bussmann BBU 27kV Comparison to S & C SMU ® Cooper Bussmann Ampere Rating kV Maximum kV Nominal Fuse Speed S & C Catalogue Catalogue 3K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703003 BBU27-3K 6K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703006 BBU27-6K 8K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703008 BBU27-8K 10K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703010 BBU27-10K 12K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703012 BBU27-12K 15K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703015 BBU27-15K 20K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703020 BBU27-20K 25K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703025 BBU27-25K 30K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703030 BBU27-30K 40K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703040 BBU27-40K 50K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703050 BBU27-50K 65K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703065 BBU27-65K 80K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703080 BBU27-80K 100K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703100 BBU27-100K 140K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703140 BBU27-140K 200K 27kV 24.5kV Standard 703200 BBU27-200K 5E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613005 BBU27-5E 7E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613007 BBU27-7E 10E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613010 BBU27-10E 13E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613013 BBU27-13E 15E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613015 BBU27-15E 20E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613020 BBU27-20E 25E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613025 BBU27-25E 30E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613030 BBU27-30E 40E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613040 BBU27-40E 50E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613050 BBU27-50E 65E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613065 BBU27-65E 80E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613080 BBU27-80E 100E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613100 BBU27-100E 125E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613101 BBU27-125E 150E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613150 BBU27-150E 175E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613175 BBU27-175E 200E 27kV 24.5kV Standard 613200 BBU27-200E 15E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713015 BBU27-15SE 20E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713020 BBU27-20SE 25E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713025 BBU27-25SE 30E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713030 BBU27-30SE 40E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713040 BBU27-40SE 50E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713050 BBU27-50SE 65E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713065 BBU27-65SE 80E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713080 BBU27-80SE 100E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713100 BBU27-100SE 125E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713125 BBU27-125SE 150E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713150 BBU27-150SE 175E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713175 BBU27-175SE 200E 27kV 24.5kV Slow 713200 BBU27-200SE For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 10 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses ® Cooper Bussmann BBU 38kV Comparison to S & C SMU ® Cooper Bussmann Ampere Rating kV Maximum kV Nominal Fuse Speed S & C Catalogue Catalogue 3K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704003 BBU38-3K 6K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704006 BBU38-6K 8K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704008 BBU38-8K 10K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704010 BBU38-10K 12K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704012 BBU38-12K 15K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704015 BBU38-15K 20K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704020 BBU38-20K 25K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704025 BBU38-25K 30K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704030 BBU38-30K 40K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704040 BBU38-40K 50K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704050 BBU38-50K 65K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704065 BBU38-65K 80K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704080 BBU38-80K 100K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704100 BBU38-100K 140K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704140 BBU38-140K 200K 38kV 34.5kV Standard 704200 BBU38-200K 5E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614005 BBU38-5E 7E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614007 BBU38-7E 10E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614010 BBU38-10E 13E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614013 BBU38-13E 15E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614015 BBU38-15E 20E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614020 BBU38-20E 25E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614025 BBU38-25E 30E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614030 BBU38-30E 40E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614040 BBU38-40E 50E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614050 BBU38-50E 65E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614065 BBU38-65E 80E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614080 BBU38-80E 100E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614100 BBU38-100E 125E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614101 BBU38-125E 150E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614150 BBU38-150E 175E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614175 BBU38-175E 200E 38kV 34.5kV Standard 614200 BBU38-200E 15E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714015 BBU38-15SE 20E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714020 BBU38-20SE 25E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714025 BBU38-25SE 30E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714030 BBU38-30SE 40E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714040 BBU38-40SE 50E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714050 BBU38-50SE 65E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714065 BBU38-65SE 80E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714080 BBU38-80SE 100E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714100 BBU38-100SE 125E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714125 BBU38-125SE 150E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714150 BBU38-150SE 175E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714175 BBU38-175SE 200E 38kV 34.5kV Slow 714200 BBU38-200SE For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 11 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Testing and Performance Standards Cooper Bussmann does not compromise when performance, quality and safety are involved. Exacting standards have been established relative to the design, testing and application of expulsion type power fuses. Compliance with these standards ensures the best selection and performance. Type BBU Power Fuses are designed and tested for compliance to global standards such as ANSI and Australian Standard AS1033.1 1990. ANSI (American National Standards Institute) is a nonprofit, privately funded membership organization that coordinates the development of U.S. voluntary national standards. These standards are designed to test the performance of the equipment under a variety of performance criteria as outlined in the relevant publication. These tests verify the fuse-link performance under high short circuit currents. A problem of major significance for countries with a hot dry climate, such as Australia, is the ignition of ground fires as a result of the emission of incandescent particles from expulsion fuse-links. Tests have shown it is possible for a grass fire to be initiated resulting in the loss of property and in extreme conditions loss of life. As a result the Australian Standard has included a “Fire Spark Test” capable of recording the existence of hot emissions and qualifying them according to their potential for fire ignition. In addition this Fire Spark Test is included for all of the 5 Duty test programs including test Duty 4 where all fuse-links are tested not just highest and lowest current ratings in a homogenous series. AS 1033.1 1990 is the most arduous testing standards for expulsion fuse-links in the world. Testing Cooper Bussmann BBU Power Fuse-links and Fuse Mounts were tested for compliance to the standards listed below on production fuse-links, mounts and fitting accessories. This testing was carried out in independent test laboratories in Canada and in Australia by recognized independent power testing laboratories. Thermal and interrupting testing was conducted at 17, 27kV. The entire series of tests was conducted in a specific sequence as stipulated by governing standards without any maintenance being performed. All test results are verified by laboratory tabulations and oscillogram plots. • ANSI C37.40 - Service Conditions and Definitions • ANSI C37.41 - Power Fuse Design and Testing • ANSI C37.42 - Distribution Fuse Ratings and Specification • ANSI C37.46 - Power Fuse Ratings and Specifications • ANSI C37.48 - Power Fuse Application, Operation and Maintenance • AS1033.1 1990 – Australian Standard High Voltage Fuses Expulsion type Quality Every effort is made to ensure the delivery of quality fuse units and customer satisfaction. All Cooper Bussmann fuses are completely inspected at each manufacturing stage. In addition to ongoing quality control inspections, testing is performed prior to shipment. A Micro-Ohm resistance test is performed on each fuse to assure proper element construction, alignment and tightness of electrical connections. Construction integrity testing is also performed on every unit. Each BBU fuse unit is checked to ensure that all items are supplied in keeping with manufacturing drawings. Individual fuses are packed in a plastic bag and then put into individual cartons. In addition, fuses are over packed in a shipping carton to prevent shipping damage. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 12 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Certification AUSTRALIAN STANDARD AS1033-1 1990 For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 13 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Standard K Speed Fuses - 17.1 to 38 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 3 K 4000 3000 6 K 2000 8 K 10 K 1000 900 12 K 800 700 600 15 K 500 400 20 K 300 25 K 200 30 K 40 K 100 90 80 70 50 K 60 50 65 K 40 80 K 30 20 100 K 140 K 10 9 200 K 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Standard K Speed Fuses Minimum Melting Time-Current Characteristics - 17.1 - 38 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to minimum test points so all variations should be positive. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 14 TIME IN SECONDS 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Standard E Speed Fuses - 17.1 kV to 38 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 3 E 4000 3000 5 E 2000 7 E 10 E 1000 900 13 E 800 700 600 15 E 500 400 20 E 300 25 E 200 30 E 40 E 100 90 80 70 50 E 60 50 65 E 40 80 E 30 20 100 E 125 E 10 9 150 E 8 7 175 E 6 5 4 200 E 3 2 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Standard E Speed Fuses Minimum Melting Time-Current Characteristics - 17.1 - 38 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to minimum test points so all variations should be positive. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 15 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Slow E Speed Fuses - 17.1 kV to 38 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 15 SE 500 400 20 SE 300 25 SE 200 30 SE 40 SE 100 90 80 70 50 SE 60 50 65 SE 40 80 SE 30 100 SE 20 125 SE 10 9 150 SE 8 7 6 175 SE 5 4 200 SE 3 2 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Slow E Speed Fuses Minimum Melting Time-Current Characteristics - 17.1 - 38 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load.Curves are plotted to minimum test points so all variations should be positive. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 16 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Standard K Speed Fuses - 17.1 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 3K 500 400 6K 300 8K 200 10K 12K 100 90 80 15K 70 60 50 20K 40 25K 30 30K 20 40K 10 50K 9 8 7 65K 6 5 80K 4 3 100K 2 140K 200K 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Standard K Speed Fuses Total Clearing Time-Current Characteristics - 17.1 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to maximum test points so all variations should be negative. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 17 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Standard E Speed Fuses - 17.1 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 5E 500 400 7E 300 10E 200 13E 15E 100 90 80 20E 70 60 50 25E 40 30E 30 40E 20 50E 10 65E 9 8 7 80E 6 5 100E 4 3 125E 2 150E 175E 1 .9 200E .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 9 10 8 7 20 6 305 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Standard E Speed Fuses Total Clearing Time-Current Characteristics - 17.1 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to maximum test points so all variations should be negative. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 18 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Slow E Speed Fuses - 17.1 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 15SE 500 400 20SE 300 25SE 200 30SE 40SE 100 90 80 50SE 70 60 50 65SE 40 80SE 30 100SE 20 125SE 10 150SE 9 8 7 175SE 6 5 200SE 4 3 2 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Slow E Speed Fuses Total Clearing Time-Current Characteristics - 17.1 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to maximum test points so all variations should be negative. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 19 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Standard K Speed Fuses - 27 and 38 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 3K 500 400 6K 300 8K 200 10K 12K 100 90 80 70 15K 60 50 20K 40 25K 30 20 30K 40K 10 9 50K 8 7 6 65K 5 4 80K 3 100K 2 140K 200K 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 9 10 8 7 20 6 305 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Standard K Speed Fuses Total Clearing Time-Current Characteristics - 27 and 38 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to maximum test points so all variations should be negative. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 20 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Standard E Speed Fuses - 27 and 38 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 5E 500 400 7E 300 10E 200 13E 15E 100 90 80 70 20E 60 50 25E 40 30E 30 20 40E 50E 10 9 65E 8 7 6 80E 5 4 100E 3 125E 2 150E 175E 1 .9 .8 200E .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Standard E Speed Fuses Total Clearing Time-Current Characteristics - 27 and 38 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to maximum test points so all variations should be negative. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 21 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses Time Current Characteristics Slow E Speed Fuses - 27 and 38 kV 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 15SE 500 400 20SE 300 25SE 200 30SE 40SE 100 90 80 70 50SE 60 50 65SE 40 80SE 30 20 100SE 125SE 10 9 150SE 8 7 6 175SE 5 4 200SE 3 2 1 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05 .04 .03 .02 .01 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 CURRENT IN AMPERES Type BBU Slow E Speed Fuses Total Clearing Time-Current Characteristics - 27 and 38 kV Curves are based on tests starting with fuse unit at ambient temperature of 25°C and without initial load. Curves are plotted to maximum test points so all variations should be negative. For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html 22 TIME IN SECONDS 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses NOTES For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html Medium Voltage Boric Acid Fuses NOTES For product data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/2/DataSheets.html Cooper Bussmann Products And Technical Support Delivered Worldwide Customer Assistance Web Services Customer Satisfaction Team www.cooperbussmann.com ® ® The Cooper Bussmann Customer Satisfaction Team is available The Cooper Bussmann website makes available ® to answers questions regarding Bussmann products and free information and other resources that include: services. • Product Data Sheets for complete technical Contact can be made between information on Busmann products Monday - Thursday 7:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m GMT. • Online catalogue for the latest United States Friday: 7.30 a.m - 5.00 p.m. GMT and European catalogues The Customer Satisfaction Team can be reached via: ™ • Safety BASICS for the essentials of electrical safety • Phone: 00 44 (0) 1509 882 600 • Fax: 00 44 (0) 1509 882 786 • Training Modules for increasing skill levels of • E-mail: sales@cooperbussmann.co.uk customers and end users Application Engineering • Fuse Cross Reference to find the correct Bussmann replacement for a competitors fuse Application Engineering assistance is available to all customers. The Application Engineering team is staffed by university-qualified • Arc-Flash calculator to determine the incident electrical engineers who are available by phone with technical and energy level and flash protection boundary application support. along with recommendations for the level of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Contact can be made between Monday - Thursday 7:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m GMT. Friday: 7.30 a.m - 5.00 p.m. GMT Application Engineering can be reached via: • Phone: 00 44 (0) 1509 882 699 • Fax: 00 44 (0) 1509 882 794 • E-mail: technical@cooperbussmann.co.uk ® Your Authorised Cooper Bussmann Distributor is: Cooper Bussmann (UK) Ltd | Burton-on-the-Wolds | Leicestershire | LE12 5TH UK Tel: 44 (0)1509 882 737 | Fax: 44 (0)1509 882 786 Email: sales@cooperbussmann.co.uk | www.cooperbussmann.com Reorder # BBU -2007