Data Sheet GE TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Features  Ultra low height design for very dense power applications.  Small size: 20.32 mm x 11.43 mm x 2.8 mm (Max) (0.8 in x 0.45 in x 0.11 in)  Output voltage programmable from 0.6Vdc to 5.5Vdc via external resistor. Digitally adjustable down to 0.45Vdc  Wide Input voltage range (3Vdc-14.4Vdc)  Wide operating temperature range [-40°C to 105°C]. See RoHS Compliant derating curves  DOSA approved footprint TM #  Digital interface through the PMBus protocol TM  Tunable Loop to optimize dynamic output voltage response Applications  Flexible output voltage sequencing EZ-SEQUENCE  Distributed power architectures  Power Good signal  Intermediate bus voltage applications  Remote On/Off  Telecommunications equipment  Fixed switching frequency with capability of external synchronization  Servers and storage applications  Output overcurrent protection (non-latching)  Networking equipment  Ability to sink and source current  Industrial equipment  Compatible in a Pb-free or SnPb reflow environment Vin+ Vout+ †  UL* 60950-1Recognized, CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-03 VIN VOUT VS+ ‡ Certified, and VDE 0805:2001-12 (EN60950-1) Licensed PGOOD RTUNE MODULE  Compliant to RoHS II EU “Directive 2011/65/EU” SEQ CTUNE  Compliant to REACH Directive (EC) No 1907/2006 CLK Cin TRIM Co DATA  Compliant to IPC-9592 (September 2008), Category 2, ADDR0 SMBALRT# Class II RTrim ADDR1  ISO** 9001 and ISO 14001 certified manufacturing ON/OFF RADDR1 RADDR0 facilities SIG_GND SYNC GND VS- GND Description TM The 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame power modules are non-isolated dc-dc converters that can deliver up to 6A of output current. These modules operate over a wide range of input voltage (V = 3Vdc-14.4Vdc) and provide a precisely regulated output IN voltage from 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc, programmable via an external resistor and PMBus control. Features include a digital interface using the PMBus protocol, remote On/Off, adjustable output voltage, over current and over temperature protection in the controller. The PMBus interface supports a range of commands to both control and monitor the module. The module also includes TM the Tunable Loop feature that allows the user to optimize the dynamic response of the converter to match the load with reduced amount of output capacitance leading to savings on cost and PWB area. * UL is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. † CSA is a registered trademark of Canadian Standards Association. ‡ VDE is a trademark of Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker e.V. ** ISO is a registered trademark of the International Organization of Standards # The PMBus name and logo are registered trademarks of the System Management Interface Forum (SMIF) June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only, functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect the device reliability. Parameter Device Symbol Min Max Unit Input Voltage All V -0.3 15 V IN Continuous SEQ, SYNC, VS+ All 7 V CLK, DATA, SMBALERT# All 3.6 V Operating Ambient Temperature All T -40 105 °C A (see Thermal Considerations section) Storage Temperature All T -55 125 °C stg Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Operating Input Voltage All V 3 14.4 Vdc IN  Maximum Input Current All I 6 Adc IN,max (V =3V to 14V, I =I ) IN O O, max V = 0.6 Vdc I 31.3 mA O,set IN,No load Input No Load Current (VIN = 12Vdc, IO = 0, module enabled) V = 5Vdc I 178.7 mA O,set IN,No load Input Stand-by Current All IIN,stand-by 11 mA (V = 12Vdc, module disabled) IN 2 2 Inrush Transient All I t 1 A s Input Reflected Ripple Current, peak-to-peak (5Hz to 20MHz, 1μH source impedance; VIN =0 to All 37.6 mAp-p 14V, IO= IOmax ; See Test Configurations) Input Ripple Rejection (120Hz) All -55 dB June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 2 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Electrical Specifications (continued) Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage Set-point (with 0.1% tolerance for external All VO, set -1.0 +1.0 % VO, set resistor used to set output voltage) Output Voltage (Over all operating input voltage, resistive All V -3.0  +3.0 % V O, set O, set load, and temperature conditions until end of life) Adjustment Range (selected by an external resistor) (Some output voltages may not be possible depending on the All V 0.6 5.5 Vdc O input voltage – see Feature Descriptions Section) PMBus Adjustable Output Voltage Range All VO,adj -25 0 +25 %VO,set PMBus Output Voltage Adjustment Step Size All 0.4 %V O,set Remote Sense Range All 0.5 Vdc Output Regulation (for V ≥ 2.5Vdc) O Line (V =V to V ) All  +0.4 % V IN IN, min IN, max O, set Load (IO=IO, min to IO, max) All  10 mV Output Regulation (for VO < 2.5Vdc) Line (VIN=VIN, min to VIN, max) All  5 mV Load (IO=IO, min to IO, max) All  10 mV Temperature (Tref=TA, min to TA, max) All  0.4 % VO, set Output Ripple and Noise on nominal output (V =V and I =I to I IN IN, nom O O, min O, max Co = 3x47μF // 1 μF // 2x47nF ceramic capacitors) Peak-to-Peak (5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth) All  50 100 mVpk-pk RMS (5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth) All 20 38 mV rms 1 External Capacitance TM Without the Tunable Loop ESR ≥ 1 mΩ All CO, max 1x47  2x47 μF TM With the Tunable Loop ESR ≥ 0.15 mΩ All CO, max 2x47  1000 μF ESR ≥ 10 mΩ All CO, max 2x47  5000 μF Output Current (in either sink or source mode) All Io 0 6 Adc Output Current Limit Inception (Hiccup Mode) All I 130 % I O, lim o,max (current limit does not operate in sink mode) Output Short-Circuit Current All IO, s/c 1.3 Arms (VO≤250mV) ( Hiccup Mode ) Efficiency VO,set = 0.6Vdc η 72.6 % VIN= 12Vdc, TA=25°C VO, set = 1.2Vdc η 82.5 % IO=IO, max , VO= VO,set VO,set = 1.8Vdc η 86.1 % V = 2.5Vdc η 88.0 % O,set VO,set = 3.3Vdc η 89.4 % V = 5.0Vdc η 91.5 % O,set Switching Frequency All fsw  800  kHz 1 TM External capacitors may require using the new Tunable Loop feature to ensure that the module is stable as well as getting the best TM transient response. See the Tunable Loop section for details. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 3 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Electrical Specifications (continued) Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Frequency Synchronization All Synchronization Frequency Range All 760 800 840 kHz High-Level Input Voltage All VIH 2 V Low-Level Input Voltage All VIL 0.4 V Input Current, SYNC All ISYNC 100 nA Minimum Pulse Width, SYNC All tSYNC 100 ns Maximum SYNC rise time All tSYNC_SH 100 ns General Specifications Parameter Device Min Typ Max Unit Calculated MTBF (IO=0.8IO, max, TA=40°C) Telecordia Issue 2 Method 1 All 77,807,049 Hours Case 3 Weight  1.186  g (oz.) Feature Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. See Feature Descriptions for additional information. Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit On/Off Signal Interface (VIN=VIN, min to VIN, max ; open collector or equivalent, Signal referenced to GND) Device code with suffix “4” – Positive Logic (See Ordering Information) Logic High (Module ON) Input High Current All IIH  1 mA Input High Voltage All VIH 2  V V IN,max Logic Low (Module OFF) Input Low Current All IIL 1 mA   Input Low Voltage All VIL -0.2  0.6 V Device Code with no suffix – Negative Logic (See Ordering Information) (On/OFF pin is open collector/drain logic input with external pull-up resistor; signal referenced to GND) Logic High (Module OFF) Input High Current All IIH ― ― 1 mA Input High Voltage All VIH 2 ― VIN, max Vdc Logic Low (Module ON) Input low Current All IIL ― ― 50 μA Input Low Voltage All VIL -0.2 ― 0.6 Vdc June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 4 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Feature Specifications (cont.) Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Units Turn-On Delay and Rise Times (VIN=VIN, nom, IO=IO, max , VO to within ±1% of steady state) Case 1: On/Off input is enabled and then input power is applied (delay from instant at which VIN = VIN, min until Vo = All Tdelay ― 0.9 ― msec 10% of Vo, set) Case 2: Input power is applied for at least one second and then the On/Off input is enabled (delay from instant at All Tdelay ― 0.8 ― msec which Von/Off is enabled until Vo = 10% of Vo, set) Output voltage Rise time (time for Vo to rise from All Trise ― 2 ― msec 10% of Vo, set to 90% of Vo, set) o Output voltage overshoot (TA = 25 C % VO, V = V to V ,I = I to I ) 3 IN IN, min IN, max O O, min O, max set With or without maximum external capacitance Over Temperature Protection (PWM controller) All Tref 130 °C (See Thermal Considerations section) PMBus Over Temperature Warning Threshold * All TWARN 120 °C Tracking Accuracy (Power-Up: 2V/ms) All VSEQ –Vo 100 mV (Power-Down: 2V/ms) All VSEQ –Vo 100 mV (V to V ; I to I VSEQ < Vo) IN, min IN, max O, min O, max Input Undervoltage Lockout Turn-on Threshold All 2.475 3.025 Vdc Turn-off Threshold All 2.25 2.75 Vdc Hysteresis All 0.25 Vdc PMBus Adjustable Input Under Voltage Lockout Thresholds All 2.5 14 Vdc Resolution of Adjustable Input Under Voltage Threshold All 500 mV PGOOD (Power Good) Signal Interface Open Drain, V ≤ 5VDC supply %VO, Overvoltage threshold for PGOOD ON All 108 set %V O, Overvoltage threshold for PGOOD OFF All 110 set %VO, Undervoltage threshold for PGOOD ON All 92 set %V O, Undervoltage threshold for PGOOD OFF All 90 set Pulldown resistance of PGOOD pin All 50 Ω Sink current capability into PGOOD pin All 5 mA * Over temperature Warning – Warning may not activate before alarm and unit may shutdown before warning June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 5 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Digital Interface Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. See Feature Descriptions for additional information. Parameter Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit PMBus Signal Interface Characteristics Input High Voltage (CLK, DATA) VIH 2.1 3.6 V Input Low Voltage (CLK, DATA) VIL 0.8 V Input high level current (CLK, DATA) IIH -10 10 μA Input low level current (CLK, DATA) I -10 10 μA IL Output Low Voltage (CLK, DATA, SMBALERT#) IOUT=2mA VOL 0.4 V Output high level open drain leakage current (DATA, VOUT=3.6V IOH 0 10 μA SMBALERT#) Pin capacitance CO 0.7 pF PMBus Operating frequency range Slave Mode FPMB 10 400 kHz Receive Mode 0 Data hold time tHD:DAT ns Transmit Mode 300 tSU:DAT Data setup time 250 ns Measurement System Characteristics Read delay time tDLY 153 192 231 μs Output current measurement range IRNG 0 9 A Output current measurement resolution 62.5 mA IRES Output current measurement gain accuracy at 25°C ±5 % IACC (with IOUT, CORR) Output current measurement offset 0.1 A IOFST V measurement range 0 5.5 V OUT VOUT(rng) V measurement resolution OUT V 15.625 mV OUT(res) VOUT measurement accuracy -15 15 % VOUT(ACC) V measurement offset OUT VOUT(ofst) -3 3 % VIN measurement range V 3 14.4 V IN(rng) VIN measurement resolution 32.5 mV VIN(res) V measurement accuracy IN VIN(ACC) -15 15 % V measurement offset IN V -5.5 1.4 LSB IN(ofst) June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 6 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Characteristic Curves TM o The following figures provide typical characteristics for the 6A Digital SlimLynx at 0.6Vo and 25 C. 80 7 75 6 Vin=3V NC 70 5 0.5m/s (100LFM) 65 4 Vin=14.4V Vin=12V 1m/s (200LFM) 60 3 2 55 1 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 80 85 90 95 100 105 O OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA C Figure 2. Derating Output Current versus Ambient Figure 1. Converter Efficiency versus Output Current. Temperature and Airflow. TIME, t (200ns/div) TIME, t (20µs /div) Figure 4. Transient Response to Dynamic Load Change from Figure 3. Typical output ripple and noise (C =1x47μF O 50% to 100% at 12Vin, Cout=3x47uF+3x330uF, CTune=15nF, ceramic, VIN = 12V, Io = Io,max, ). RTune=200Ω TIME, t (2ms/div) TIME, t (2ms/div) Figure 6. Typical Start-up Using Input Voltage (VIN = 12V, Io = Figure 5. Typical Start-up Using On/Off Voltage (Io = Io,max). Io,max). June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON/OFF VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VO (V) (200mV/div) VON/OFF (V) (5V/div) EFFICIENCY, η (%) V (V) (10mV/div) O OUTPUT CURRENT, OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE I (A) (2Adiv) V (V) (20mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, Io (A) O O VO (V) (200mV/div) VIN (V) (5V/div) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Characteristic Curves TM o The following figures provide typical characteristics for the 6A Digital SlimLynx at 1.2Vo and 25 C. 7 88 1.5m/s (300LFM) 86 6 84 Vin=3V 1m/s 5 82 (200LFM) 80 4 0.5m/s NC 78 (100LFM) Vin=12V Vin=14.4V 76 3 74 2 72 70 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 O OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA C Figure 8. Derating Output Current versus Ambient Figure 7. Converter Efficiency versus Output Current. Temperature and Airflow. TIME, t (200ns/div) TIME, t (20µs /div) Figure 10. Transient Response to Dynamic Load Change from Figure 9. Typical output ripple and noise (C =1x47μF O 50% to 100% at 12Vin, Cout = 3x47uF+1x330uF, CTune = ceramic, VIN = 12V, Io = Io,max, ). 4700pF & RTune = 300Ω TIME, t (2ms/div) TIME, t (2ms/div) Figure 12. Typical Start-up Using Input Voltage (VIN = 12V, Io = Figure 11. Typical Start-up Using On/Off Voltage (Io = Io,max). Io,max). June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON/OFF VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE EFFICIENCY, η (%) VO (V) (500mV/div) VON/OFF (V) (5V/div) V (V) (10mV/div) O OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE I (A) (2Adiv) V (V) (20mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, Io (A) O O VO (V) (500mV/div) VIN (V) (5V/div) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Characteristic Curves TM o The following figures provide typical characteristics for the 6A Digital SlimLynx at 1.8Vo and 25 C. 7 95 2.0m/s (400LFM) 6 90 5 NC Vin=3.5V 85 0.5m/s (100LFM) 4 80 1.0m/s Vin=14.4V 3 (200LFM) Vin=12V 75 2 1.5m/s (300LFM) 1 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 O OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA C Figure 14. Derating Output Current versus Ambient Figure 13. Converter Efficiency versus Output Current. Temperature and Airflow. TIME, t (200ns/div) TIME, t (20µs /div) Figure 16. Transient Response to Dynamic Load Change from Figure 15. Typical output ripple and noise (C =1x47μF O 50% to 100% at 12Vin, Cout = 2x47uF+1x330uF, ceramic, VIN = 12V, Io = Io,max, ). CTune=2700pF & RTune=300Ω TIME, t (2ms/div) TIME, t (2ms/div) Figure 18. Typical Start-up Using Input Voltage (VIN = 12V, Io = Figure 17. Typical Start-up Using On/Off Voltage (Io = Io,max). Io,max). June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 9 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON/OFF VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VO (V) (500mV/div) VON/OFF (V) (5V/div) EFFICIENCY, η (%) V (V) (10mV/div) O OUTPUT CURRENT, OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE I (A) (2Adiv) V (V) (20mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, Io (A) O O VO (V) (500mV/div) VIN (V) (5V/div) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Characteristic Curves TM o The following figures provide typical characteristics for the 6A Digital SlimLynx at 2.5Vo and 25 C. 95 7 2m/s (400LFM) 6 90 Vin=4.5V NC 5 85 0.5m/s 4 (100LFM) Vin=14.4V 1.5m/s 80 (300LFM) 3 1m/s Vin=12V (200LFM) 75 2 1 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 O OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA C Figure 20. Derating Output Current versus Ambient Figure 19. Converter Efficiency versus Output Current. Temperature and Airflow. TIME, t (200ns/div) TIME, t (20µs /div) Figure 22. Transient Response to Dynamic Load Change from Figure 21. Typical output ripple and noise (C =1x47μF O 50% to 100% at 12Vin, Cout = 4x47uF, CTune=2700pF & ceramic, VIN = 12V, Io = Io,max, ). RTune=300Ω TIME, t (2ms/div) TIME, t (2ms/div) Figure 24. Typical Start-up Using Input Voltage (VIN = 12V, Io = Figure 23. Typical Start-up Using On/Off Voltage (Io = Io,max). Io,max). June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 10 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON/OFF VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VO (V) (1V/div) VON/OFF (V) (5V/div) EFFICIENCY, η (%) V (V) (10mV/div) O OUTPUT CURRENT, OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE I (A) (2Adiv) V (V) (50mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, Io (A) O O VO (V) (1V/div) VIN (V) (5V/div) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Characteristic Curves TM o The following figures provide typical characteristics for the 6A Digital SlimLynx at 3.3Vo and 25 C. 100 7 2m/s (400LFM) 95 6 90 5 NC Vin=4.5V 0.5m/s 85 4 (100LFM) 80 3 Vin=12V Vin=14.4V 1.5m/s 1m/s (300LFM) 2 (200LFM) 75 1 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 O OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA C Figure 26. Derating Output Current versus Ambient Figure 25. Converter Efficiency versus Output Current. Temperature and Airflow. TIME, t (200ns/div) TIME, t (20µs /div) Figure 28 Transient Response to Dynamic Load Change from Figure 27. Typical output ripple and noise (C =1x47μF O 50% to 100% at 12Vin, Cout = 4x47uF, CTune=2700pF & ceramic, VIN = 12V, Io = Io,max, ). RTune=300Ω TIME, t (2ms/div) TIME, t (2ms/div) Figure 30. Typical Start-up Using Input Voltage (VIN = 12V, Io = Figure 29. Typical Start-up Using On/Off Voltage (Io = Io,max). Io,max). June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 11 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON/OFF VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE V (V) (1V/div) V (V) (5V/div) EFFICIENCY, η (%) O ON/OFF VO (V) (10mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE I (A) (2Adiv) V (V) (50mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, Io (A) O O VO (V) (1V/div) VIN (V) (5V/div) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Characteristic Curves TM o The following figures provide typical characteristics for the 6A Digital SlimLynx at 5Vo and 25 C. 100 7 95 6 NC 90 5 Vin=7V 0.5m/s (100LFM) 85 4 Vin=14.4V 1m/s Vin=12V (200LFM) 2m/s 80 3 (400LFM) 2 75 1.5m/s (300LFM) 1 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 O OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA C Figure 32. Derating Output Current versus Ambient Figure 31. Converter Efficiency versus Output Current. Temperature and Airflow. TIME, t (200ns/div) TIME, t (20µs /div) Figure 34. Transient Response to Dynamic Load Change from Figure 33. Typical output ripple and noise (C =1x47μF O 50% to 100% at 12Vin, Cout = 3x47uF, CTune=1500pF & ceramic, VIN = 12V, Io = Io,max, ). RTune=300Ω TIME, t (2ms/div) TIME, t (2ms/div) Figure 36. Typical Start-up Using Input Voltage (VIN = 12V, Io = Figure 35. Typical Start-up Using On/Off Voltage (Io = Io,max). Io,max). June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 12 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON/OFF VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE V (V) (2V/div) V (V) (5V/div) EFFICIENCY, η (%) O ON/OFF V (V) (10mV/div) O OUTPUT CURRENT, OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE I (A) (2Adiv) V (V) (50mV/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, Io (A) O O VO (V) (2V/div) VIN (V) (5V/div) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current 60 Design Considerations 1x47uF Ext Cap Input Filtering 2x47uF Ext Cap 50 TM 4x47uF Ext Cap The 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame module should be connected to a low ac-impedance source. A highly 40 inductive source can affect the stability of the module. An input capacitance must be placed directly adjacent to the 30 input pin of the module, to minimize input ripple voltage and ensure module stability. 20 To minimize input voltage ripple, ceramic capacitors are recommended at the input of the module. Figure 37 shows the input ripple voltage for various output voltages at 6A 10 of load current with 1x22 µF or 2x22 µF ceramic capacitors and an input of 12V. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 600 1x22uF Output Voltage(Volts) 500 2x22 uF Figure 38. Output ripple voltage for various output 400 voltages with external 2x47 µF, 4x47 µF, 6x47 µF or 8x47 µF ceramic capacitors at the output (6A load). Input 300 voltage is 12V. 200 Safety Considerations 100 For safety agency approval the power module must be 0 installed in compliance with the spacing and separation 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 requirements of the end-use safety agency standards, i.e., UL 60950-1 2nd, CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-07, DIN EN 60950- 1:2006 + A11 (VDE0805 Teil 1 + A11):2009-11; EN 60950- Figure 37. Input ripple voltage for various output 1:2006 + A11:2009-03. voltages with 1x22 µF or 2x22 µF ceramic capacitors at the input (6A load). Input voltage is 12V. For the converter output to be considered meeting the Output Filtering requirements of safety extra-low voltage (SELV), the input These modules are designed for low output ripple voltage must meet SELV requirements. The power module has and will meet the maximum output ripple specification with extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs when all inputs are ELV. suggested 2x0.047µF+1x1uF ceramic decoupling capacitors The input to these units is to be provided with with a fast and 1x47 µF ceramic capacitors at the output of the module. acting fuse (e.g. ABC Bussmann) with a maximum rating of However, additional output filtering may be required by the 20 A in the positive input lead. system designer for a number of reasons. First, there may be a need to further reduce the output ripple and noise of the module. Second, the dynamic response characteristics may need to be customized to a particular load step change. To reduce the output ripple and improve the dynamic response to a step load change, additional capacitance at the output can be used. Low ESR polymer and ceramic capacitors are recommended to improve the dynamic response of the module. Figure 38 provides output ripple information, measured with a scope with its Bandwidth limited to 20MHz for different external capacitance values at various Vo and a full load current of 6A. For stable operation of the module, limit the capacitance to less than the maximum output capacitance as specified in the electrical specification table. Optimal performance of the module can TM be achieved by using the Tunable Loop feature described later in this data sheet. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 13 Ripple (mVp-p) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Analog Feature Descriptions 3.3V SlimLynx Module ENABLE +VIN VIN 47K 470 20K Remote On/Off Rpullup 100pF 20K Q6 4.7K The module can be turned ON and OFF either by using the I Q3 Q5 100K ON/OFF 20K 20K 20K Q7 2K ON/OFF pin (Analog interface) or through the PMBus interface + 20K 20K Q2 20K (Digital). The module can be configured in a number of ways V ON/OFF through the PMBus interface to react to the two ON/OFF _ GND inputs: • Module ON/OFF can be controlled only through Figure 39. Circuit configuration for using positive On/Off the analog interface (digital interface ON/OFF logic. commands are ignored) • Module ON/OFF can be controlled only through 3.3V SlimLynx Module the PMBus interface (analog interface is ignored) +VIN ENABLE • Module ON/OFF can be controlled by either the 47K Rpullup 470 analog or digital interface 100pF Q6 The default state of the module (as shipped from the factory) I ON/OFF 20K 4.7K Q3 Q5 is to be controlled by the analog interface only. If the digital 100K + 20K interface is to be enabled, or the module is to be controlled Q2 2K 20K V 20K only through the digital interface, this change must be made ON/OFF through the PMBus. These changes can be made and written _ GND to non-volatile memory on the module so that it is remembered for subsequent use. Figure 40. Circuit configuration for using negative On/Off Analog On/Off logic. TM The 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame power modules Monotonic Start-up and Shutdown feature an On/Off pin for remote On/Off operation. Two The module has monotonic start-up and shutdown behavior On/Off logic options are available. In the Positive Logic for any combination of rated input voltage, output current On/Off option, (device code suffix “4” – see Ordering and operating temperature range. Information), the module turns ON during a logic High on the On/Off pin and turns OFF during a logic Low. With the Startup into Pre-biased Output Negative Logic On/Off option, (no device code suffix, see Ordering Information), the module turns OFF during logic The module can start into a prebiased output as long as the High and ON during logic Low. The On/Off signal should be prebias voltage is 0.5V less than the set output voltage. always referenced to ground. For either On/Off logic option, leaving the On/Off pin disconnected will turn the module ON when input voltage is present. Analog Output Voltage Programming For positive logic modules, the circuit configuration for using The output voltage of the module is programmable to any the On/Off pin is shown in Figure 39. When the external voltage from 0.6dc to 5.5Vdc by connecting a resistor transistor Q2 is in the OFF state, the internal transistor Q7 is between the Trim and SIG_GND pins of the module. Certain turned ON, which turn Q3 OFF which keeps Q6 OFF and Q5 restrictions apply on the output voltage set point depending OFF. This allows the internal PWM #Enable signal to be on the input voltage. These are shown in the Output Voltage pulled up by the internal 3.3V, thus turning the module ON. vs. Input Voltage Set Point Area plot in Fig. 41. The Upper When transistor Q2 is turned ON, the On/Off pin is pulled Limit curve shows that for output voltages lower than 1V, the low, which turns Q7 OFF which turns Q3, Q6 and Q5 ON and input voltage must be lower than the maximum of 14.4V. The the internal PWM #Enable signal is pulled low and the Lower Limit curve shows that for output voltages higher than module is OFF. A suggested value for R is 20kΩ. pullup 0.6V, the input voltage needs to be larger than the minimum of 3V. For negative logic On/Off modules, the circuit configuration is shown in Fig. 40. The On/Off pin should be pulled high with an external pull-up resistor (suggested value for the 3V to 14V input range is 20Kohms). When transistor Q2 is in the OFF state, the On/Off pin is pulled high, transistor Q3 is turned ON. This turns Q6 ON, followed by Q5 turning ON which pulls the internal ENABLE low and the module is OFF. To turn the module ON, Q2 is turned ON pulling the On/Off pin low, turning transistor Q3 OFF, which keeps Q6 and Q5 OFF resulting in the PWM Enable pin going high. Digital On/Off Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 14 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 1 16 14 V (V) Rtrim (KΩ) O, set 12 0.6 Open Upper 0.9 40 10 1.0 30 8 1.2 20 6 1.5 13.33 4 1.8 10 Lower 2 2.5 6.316 0 3.3 4.444 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Output Voltage (V) 5.0 2.727 Figure 41. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage Set Point Area plot showing limits where the output voltage can be set for Digital Output Voltage Adjustment different input voltages. Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. Remote Sense The power module has a Remote Sense feature to minimize V (+) V (+) IN O the effects of distribution losses by regulating the voltage between the sense pins (VS+ and VS-). The voltage drop VS+ between the sense pins and the VOUT and GND pins of the ON/OFF module should not exceed 0.5V. LOAD TRIM Analog Voltage Margining R trim Output voltage margining can be implemented in the module by connecting a resistor, R , from the Trim pin margin-up SIG_GND to the ground pin for margining-up the output voltage and by connecting a resistor, R , from the Trim pin to margin-down VS─ output pin for margining-down. Figure 43 shows the circuit configuration for output voltage margining. The POL Caution – Do not connect SIG_GND to GND elsewhere in the Programming Tool, available at www.gecriticalpower.com layout under the Downloads section, also calculates the values of Rmargin-up and Rmargin-down for a specific output voltage and % Figure 42. Circuit configuration for programming output margin. Please consult your local GE Critical Power voltage using an external resistor. technical representative for additional details. Vo Without an external resistor between Trim and SIG_GND pins, Rmargin-down the output of the module will be 0.6Vdc.To calculate the value of the trim resistor, Rtrim for a desired output voltage, MODULE should be as per the following equation: Q2  12  Rtrim= kΩ Trim   (Vo− 0.6)   Rmargin-up Rtrim is the external resistor in kΩ Rtrim Vo is the desired output voltage. Q1 Table 1 provides Rtrim values required for some common SIG_GND output voltages. Figure 43. Circuit Configuration for margining Output voltage. Digital Output Voltage Margining Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 15 Input Voltage (v) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current and warnings. To avoid the module shutting down due to the Output Voltage Sequencing Output Undervoltage Fault, the module must be set to The power module includes a sequencing feature, EZ- continue operation without interruption as the response to SEQUENCE that enables users to implement various types of this fault (see the description of the PMBus command output voltage sequencing in their applications. This is VOUT_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE for additional information). accomplished via an additional sequencing pin. When not using the sequencing feature, leave it unconnected. Overcurrent Protection To provide protection in a fault (output overload) condition, The voltage applied to the SEQ pin should be scaled down by the unit is equipped with internal current-limiting circuitry the same ratio as used to scale the output voltage down to and can endure current limiting continuously. At the point of the reference voltage of the module. This is accomplished by current-limit inception, the unit enters hiccup mode. The unit an external resistive divider connected across the operates normally once the output current is brought back sequencing voltage before it is fed to the SEQ pin as shown into its specified range. in Fig. 44. In addition, a small capacitor (suggested value 100pF) should be connected across the lower resistor R1. Digital Adjustable Overcurrent Warning For all SlimLynx modules, the minimum recommended delay Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. between the ON/OFF signal and the sequencing signal is Overtemperature Protection 10ms to ensure that the module output is ramped up according to the sequencing signal. This ensures that the To provide protection in a fault condition, the unit is module soft-start routine is completed before the equipped with a thermal shutdown circuit. The unit will shut sequencing signal is allowed to ramp up. o down if the overtemperature threshold of 150 C(typ) is exceeded at the thermal reference point T .Once the unit ref goes into thermal shutdown it will then wait to cool before attempting to restart. SlimLynx Module V Digital Temperature Status via PMBus SEQ Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. 20K Digitally Adjustable Output Over and Under Voltage SEQ Protection Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. R1=Rtrim Input Undervoltage Lockout SIG_GND 100 pF At input voltages below the input undervoltage lockout limit, the module operation is disabled. The module will begin to operate at an input voltage above the undervoltage lockout turn-on threshold. Figure 44. Circuit showing connection of the sequencing signal to the SEQ pin. Digitally Adjustable Input Undervoltage Lockout When the scaled down sequencing voltage is applied to the Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. SEQ pin, the output voltage tracks this voltage until the output reaches the set-point voltage. The final value of the Digitally Adjustable Power Good Thresholds sequencing voltage must be set higher than the set-point Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. voltage of the module. The output voltage follows the sequencing voltage on a one-to-one basis. By connecting multiple modules together, multiple modules can track their output voltages to the voltage applied on the SEQ pin. The module’s output can track the SEQ pin signal with slopes of up to 0.5V/msec during power-up or power-down. To initiate simultaneous shutdown of the modules, the SEQ pin voltage is lowered in a controlled manner. The output voltage of the modules tracks the voltages below their set- point voltages on a one-to-one basis. A valid input voltage must be maintained until the tracking and output voltages reach ground potential. Note that in all digital SlimLynx series of modules, the PMBus Output Undervoltage Fault will be tripped when sequencing is employed. This will be detected using the STATUS_WORD and STATUS_VOUT PMBus commands. In addition, the SMBALERT# signal will be asserted low as occurs for all faults June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 16 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current TM Synchronization Tunable Loop The module switching frequency can be synchronized to a The module has a feature that optimizes transient response TM . signal with an external frequency within a specified range. of the module called Tunable Loop Synchronization can be done by using the external signal applied to the SYNC pin of the module as shown in Fig. 45, External capacitors are usually added to the output of the with the converter being synchronized by the rising edge of module for two reasons: to reduce output ripple and noise the external signal. The Electrical Specifications table (see Figure 38) and to reduce output voltage deviations from specifies the requirements of the external SYNC signal. If the the steady-state value in the presence of dynamic load SYNC pin is not used, the module should free run at the current changes. Adding external capacitance however default switching frequency. If synchronization is not being affects the voltage control loop of the module, typically used, connect the SYNC pin to GND. causing the loop to slow down with sluggish response. Larger values of external capacitance could also cause the module to become unstable. MODULE TM The Tunable Loop allows the user to externally adjust the SYNC voltage control loop to match the filter network connected TM to the output of the module. The Tunable Loop is + implemented by connecting a series R-C between the VS+ and TRIM pins of the module, as shown in Fig. 47. This R-C ─ allows the user to externally adjust the voltage loop GND feedback compensation of the module. Figure 45. External source connections to synchronize VOUT switching frequency of the module. VS+ Measuring Output Current, Output Voltage and Input RTune Voltage CO MODULE Please see the Digital Feature Descriptions section. CTune TRIM RTrim SIG_GND GND Figure. 47. Circuit diagram showing connection of R TUME and CTUNE to tune the control loop of the module. Recommended values of RTUNE and CTUNE for different output capacitor combinations are given in Table 2. Table 2 shows the recommended values of R and C for different TUNE TUNE values of ceramic output capacitors up to 1000uF that might be needed for an application to meet output ripple and noise requirements. Selecting RTUNE and CTUNE according to Table 2 will ensure stable operation of the module. In applications with tight output voltage limits in the presence of dynamic current loading, additional output capacitance will be required. Table 3 lists recommended values of R and C in order to meet 2% output TUNE TUNE voltage deviation limits for some common output voltages in the presence of a 3A to 6A step change (50% of full load), with an input voltage of 12V. Please contact your GE Critical Power technical representative to obtain more details of this feature as well as for guidelines on how to select the right value of external R-C to tune the module for best transient performance and stable operation for other output capacitance values. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 17 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 2. General recommended values of of R and C TUNE TUNE for Vin=12V and various external ceramic capacitor combinations. Co 3x47µF 4x47µF 6x47µF 10x47µF 20x47µF R TUNE 300 300 300 240 180 C TUNE 1000pF 1200pF 2200pF 3300pF 8200pF Table 3. Recommended values of RTUNE and CTUNE to obtain transient deviation of 2% of Vout for a 3A step load with Vin=12V. Vo 5V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.2V 0.6V 1x47µF + 3x47µF + 2x47µF + 3x47µF 3x47µF 4x47µF Co 1x330µF 1x330µF 3x330µF Ceramic Ceramic Ceramic Polymer Polymer Polymer RTUNE 300 300 300 300 300 200 CTUNE 1000pF 1200pF 1800pF 2700pF 3900pF 15nF ∆V 60mV 54mV 42mV 26mV 22mV 11mV Note: The capacitors used in the Tunable Loop tables are 47 μF/3 mΩ ESR ceramic and 330 μF/12 mΩ ESR polymer capacitors. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 18 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current address resistor value is outside the range specified in Table Digital Feature Descriptions 4, the module will respond to address 127. PMBus Interface Capability Table 4 TM The 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame power modules have a Digit Resistor Value (KΩ) PMBus interface that supports both communication and control. The PMBus Power Management Protocol 0 10 Specification can be obtained from www.pmbus.org. The 1 15.4 modules support a subset of version 1.1 of the specification 2 23.7 (see Table 6 for a list of the specific commands supported). Most module parameters can be programmed using PMBus 3 36.5 and stored as defaults for later use. 4 54.9 All communication over the module PMBus interface must 5 84.5 support the Packet Error Checking (PEC) scheme. The PMBus 6 130 master must generate the correct PEC byte for all transactions, and check the PEC byte returned by the 7 200 module. 2 The module also supports the SMBALERT# response protocol The user must know which I C addresses are reserved in a whereby the module can alert the bus master if it wants to system for special functions and set the address of the talk. For more information on the SMBus alert response module to avoid interfering with other system operations. protocol, see the System Management Bus (SMBus) Both 100kHz and 400kHz bus speeds are supported by the specification. module. Connection for the PMBus interface should follow the High Power DC specifications given in section 3.1.3 in the The module has non-volatile memory that is used to store SMBus specification V2.0 for the 400kHz bus speed or the configuration settings. Not all settings programmed into the Low Power DC specifications in section 3.1.2. The complete device are automatically saved into this non-volatile SMBus specification is available from the SMBus web site, memory, only those specifically identified as capable of being smbus.org. stored can be saved (see Table 6 for which command parameters can be saved to non-volatile storage). PMBus Data Format ADDR1 For commands that set thresholds, voltages or report such ADDR0 quantities, the module supports the “Linear” data format among the three data formats supported by PMBus. The R R ADDR0 ADDR1 Linear Data Format is a two byte value with an 11-bit, two’s complement mantissa and a 5-bit, two’s complement SIG_GND exponent. The format of the two data bytes is shown below: Data Byte High Data Byte Low Figure 48. Circuit showing connection of resistors used to set the PMBus address of the module. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PMBus Enabled On/Off Exponent Mantissa The module can also be turned on and off via the PMBus MSB MSB interface. The OPERATION command is used to actually turn the module on and off via the PMBus, while the ON_OFF_CONFIG command configures the combination of The value is of the number is then given by analog ON/OFF pin input and PMBus commands needed to Exponent Value = Mantissa x 2 turn the module on and off. Bit [7] in the OPERATION command data byte enables the module, with the following PMBus Addressing functions: The power module can be addressed through the PMBus 0 : Output is disabled using a device address. The module has 64 possible 1 : Output is enabled addresses (0 to 63 in decimal) which can be set using resistors connected from the ADDR0 and ADDR1 pins to This module uses the lower five bits of the ON_OFF_CONFIG SIG_GND. Note that some of these addresses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, data byte to set various ON/OFF options as follows: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 12, 40, 44, 45, 55 in decimal) are reserved according to the SMBus specifications and may not be Bit Position 4 3 2 1 0 useable. The address is set in the form of two octal (0 to 7) Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r digits, with each pin setting one digit. The ADDR1 pin sets the Function PU CMD CPR POL CPA high order digit and ADDR0 sets the low order digit. The Default Value 1 0 1 1 1 resistor values suggested for each digit are shown in Table 4 (1% tolerance resistors are recommended). Note that if either June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 19 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current PU: Sets the default to either operate any time input power is present or for the ON/OFF to be controlled by the analog Table 5 ON/OFF input and the PMBus OPERATION command. This bit is used together with the CP, CMD and ON bits to determine Rise Time Exponent Mantissa startup. 600μs 11100 00000001010 Bit Value Action 900μs 11100 00000001110 Module powers up any time power is 1.2ms 11100 00000010011 0 present regardless of state of the analog ON/OFF pin 1.8ms 11100 00000011101 Module does not power up until 2.7ms 11100 00000101011 commanded by the analog ON/OFF pin and 1 4.2ms 11100 00001000011 the OPERATION command as programmed 6.0ms 11100 00001100000 in bits [2:0] of the ON_OFF_CONFIG register. 9.0ms 11100 00010010000 CMD: The CMD bit controls how the device responds to the OPERATION command. Output Voltage Adjustment Using the PMBus Bit Value Action The VOUT_SCALE_LOOP parameter is important for a Module ignores the ON bit in the OPERATION 0 number of PMBus commands related to output voltage command trimming, margining, over/under voltage protection and the Module responds to the ON bit in the 1 PGOOD thresholds. The output voltage of the module is set OPERATION command as the combination of the voltage divider formed by RTrim and a 20kΩ upper divider resistor inside the module, and the internal reference voltage of the module. The reference CPR: Sets the response of the analog ON/OFF pin. This bit is voltage VREF is nominally set at 600mV, and the output used together with the CMD, PU and ON bits to determine regulation voltage is then given by startup. Bit Value Action 20000+ RTrim V = ×V Module ignores the analog ON/OFF pin, i.e. OUT REF   RTrim 0 ON/OFF is only controlled through the   PMBUS via the OPERATION command Hence the module output voltage is dependent on the value Module requires the analog ON/OFF pin to 1 of RTrim which is connected external to the module. The be asserted to start the unit information on the output voltage divider ratio is conveyed to the module through the VOUT_SCALE_LOOP parameter PMBus Adjustable Soft Start Rise Time which is calculated as follows: The soft start rise time can be adjusted in the module via RTrim PMBus. When setting this parameter, make sure that the VOUT _ SCALE _ LOOP= 20000+ RTrim charging current for output capacitors can be delivered by the module in addition to any load current to avoid nuisance The VOUT_SCALE_LOOP parameter is specified using the tripping of the overcurrent protection circuitry during “Linear” format and two bytes. The upper five bits [7:3] of the startup. The TON_RISE command sets the rise time in ms, high byte are used to set the exponent which is fixed at –9 and allows choosing soft start times between 600μs and (decimal). The remaining three bits of the high byte [2:0] and 9ms, with possible values listed in Table 5. Note that the the eight bits of the lower byte are used for the mantissa. exponent is fixed at -4 (decimal) and the upper two bits of The default value of the mantissa is 00100000000 the mantissa are also fixed at 0. corresponding to 256 (decimal), corresponding to a divider ratio of 0.5. The maximum value of the mantissa is 512 corresponding to a divider ratio of 1. Note that the resolution of the VOUT_SCALE_LOOP command is 0.2%. When PMBus commands are used to trim or margin the output voltage, the value of V is what is changed inside REF the module, which in turn changes the regulated output voltage of the module. The nominal output voltage of the module can be adjusted with a minimum step size of 0.4% over a ±25% range from nominal using the VOUT_TRIM command over the PMBus. The VOUT_TRIM command is used to apply a fixed offset voltage to the output voltage command value using the June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 20 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current “Linear” mode with the exponent fixed at –10 (decimal). The to calibration during production test, The resolution of this value of the offset voltage is given by warning limit is 500mA. The value of the IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT can be stored to non-volatile memory −10 V = VOUT _ TRIM× 2 using the STORE_DEFAULT_ALL command. OUT (offset) Temperature Status via PMBus This offset voltage is added to the voltage set through the divider ratio and nominal VREF to produce the trimmed output The module can provide information related to temperature voltage. The valid range in two’s complement for this of the module through the STATUS_TEMPERATURE command is –4000h to 3FFFh. The high order two bits of command. The command returns information about the high byte must both be either 0 or 1. If a value outside of whether the pre-set over temperature fault threshold and/or the +/-25% adjustment range is given with this command, the warning threshold have been exceeded. the module will set it’s output voltage to the nominal value PMBus Adjustable Output Over and Under Voltage (as if VOUT_TRIM had been set to 0), assert SMBALRT#, set Protection the CML bit in STATUS_BYTE and the invalid data bit in STATUS_CML. The module has output over and under voltage protection capability. The PMBus command VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT is Output Voltage Margining Using the PMBus used to set the output over voltage threshold from four The module can also have its output voltage margined via possible values: 108%, 110%, 112% or 115% of the PMBus commands. The command VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH sets commanded output voltage. The command the margin high voltage, while the command VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT sets the threshold that causes an output under voltage fault and can also be selected from VOUT_MARGIN_LOW sets the margin low voltage. Both the VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH and VOUT_MARGIN_LOW commands four possible values: 92%, 90%, 88% or 85%. The default values are 112% and 88% of commanded output voltage. use the “Linear” mode with the exponent fixed at –10 (decimal). Two bytes are used for the mantissa with the upper Both commands use two data bytes formatted as two’s complement binary integers. The “Linear” mode is used with bit [7] of the high byte fixed at 0. The actual margined output voltage is a combination of the VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH or the exponent fixed to –10 (decimal) and the effective over or under voltage trip points given by: VOUT_MARGIN_LOW and the VOUT_TRIM values as shown below. −10 V = (VOUT _ OV _ FAULT _ LIMIT)× 2 OUT (OV _ REQ) V = OUT (MH ) −10 V = (VOUT _UV _ FAULT _ LIMIT)× 2 −10 OUT (UV _ REQ) (VOUT _ MARGIN _ HIGH+ VOUT _ TRIM )× 2 V = OUT (ML) Values within the supported range for over and −10 undervoltage detection thresholds will be set to the nearest (VOUT _ MARGIN _ LOW+ VOUT _ TRIM )× 2 fixed percentage. Note that the correct value for Note that the sum of the margin and trim voltages cannot be VOUT_SCALE_LOOP must be set in the module for the outside the ±25% window around the nominal output correct over or under voltage trip points to be calculated. voltage. The data associated with VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH and In addition to adjustable output voltage protection, the 6A VOUT_MARGIN_LOW can be stored to non-volatile memory TM Digital SlimLynx Open Frame module can also be using the STORE_DEFAULT_ALL command. programmed for the response to the fault. The The module is commanded to go to the margined high or low VOUT_OV_FAULT RESPONSE and voltages using the OPERATION command. Bits [5:2] are used VOUT_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE commands specify the to enable margining as follows: response to the fault. Both these commands use a single data byte with the possible options as shown below. 00XX : Margin Off 1. Continue operation without interruption (Bits [7:6] 0101 : Margin Low (Ignore Fault) = 00, Bits [5:3] = xxx) 0110 : Margin Low (Act on Fault) 2. Continue for four switching cycles and then shut 1001 : Margin High (Ignore Fault) down if the fault is still present, followed by no 1010 : Margin High (Act on Fault) restart or continuous restart (Bits [7:6] = 01, Bits PMBus Adjustable Overcurrent Warning [5:3] = 000 means no restart, Bits [5:3] = 111 means continuous restart) The module can provide an overcurrent warning via the 3. Immediate shut down followed by no restart or PMBus. The threshold for the overcurrent warning can be set continuous restart (Bits [7:6] = 10, Bits [5:3] = 000 using the parameter IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT. This command means no restart, Bits [5:3] = 111 means uses the “Linear” data format with a two byte data word continuous restart). where the upper five bits [7:3] of the high byte represent the 4. Module output is disabled when the fault is present exponent and the remaining three bits of the high byte [2:0] and the output is enabled when the fault no longer and the eight bits in the low byte represent the mantissa. exists (Bits [7:6] = 11, Bits [5:3] = xxx). The exponent is fixed at –1 (decimal). The upper five bits of the mantissa are fixed at 0 while the lower six bits are Note that separate response choices are possible for output programmable. Note that the actual value for over voltage or under voltage faults. IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT will vary from module to module due June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 21 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current with these commands can be stored in non-volatile memory PMBus Adjustable Input Undervoltage Lockout using the STORE_DEFAULT_ALL command. The module allows adjustment of the input under voltage The PGOOD terminal can be connected through a pullup lockout and hysteresis. The command VIN_ON allows setting resistor (suggested value 100KΩ) to a source of 5VDC or the input voltage turn on threshold, while the VIN_OFF lower. command sets the input voltage turn off threshold. For the VIN_ON command, possible values are 2.75V, and 3V to 14V Measurement of Output Current, Output Voltage in 0.5V steps. For the VIN_OFF command, possible values are and Input Voltage 2.5V to 14V in 0.5V steps. If other values are entered for either command, they will be mapped to the closest of the The module is capable of measuring key module allowed values. parameters such as output current and voltage and input voltage and providing this information through the PMBus VIN_ON must be set higher than VIN_OFF. Attempting to interface. Roughly every 200μs, the module makes 16 write either VIN_ON lower than VIN_OFF or VIN_OFF higher measurements each of output current, voltage and input than VIN_ON results in the new value being rejected, voltage. Average values of of these 16 measurements are SMBALERT being asserted along with the CML bit in then calculated and placed in the appropriate registers. The STATUS_BYTE and the invalid data bit in STATUS_CML. values in the registers can then be read using the PMBus Both the VIN_ON and VIN_OFF commands use the “Linear” interface. format with two data bytes. The upper five bits represent the Measuring Output Current Using the PMBus exponent (fixed at -2) and the remaining 11 bits represent the mantissa. For the mantissa, the four most significant bits The module measures current by using the inductor winding are fixed at 0. resistance as a current sense element. The inductor winding resistance is then the current gain factor used to scale the Power Good measured voltage into a current reading. This gain factor is the argument of the IOUT_CAL_GAIN command, and The module provides a Power Good (PGOOD) signal that is consists of two bytes in the linear data format. The exponent implemented with an open-drain output to indicate that the uses the upper five bits [7:3] of the high data byte in two-s output voltage is within the regulation limits of the power complement format and is fixed at –15 (decimal). The module. The PGOOD signal will be de-asserted to a low state remaining 11 bits in two’s complement binary format if any condition such as overtemperature, overcurrent or loss represent the mantissa. of regulation occurs that would result in the output voltage going outside the specified thresholds. The PGOOD The current measurement accuracy is also improved by thresholds are user selectable via the PMBus (the default each module being calibrated during manufacture with the values are as shown in the Feature Specifications Section). offset in the current reading. The IOUT_CAL_OFFSET Each threshold is set up symmetrically above and below the command is used to store and read the current offset. The nominal value. The POWER_GOOD_ON command sets the argument for this command consists of two bytes output voltage level above which PGOOD is asserted (lower composed of a 5-bit exponent (fixed at -4d) and a 11-bit threshold). For example, with a 1.2V nominal output voltage, mantissa. This command has a resolution of 62.5mA and a the POWER_GOOD_ON threshold can set the lower threshold range of -4000mA to +3937.5mA. During manufacture, to 1.14 or 1.1V. Doing this will automatically set the upper each module is calibrated by measuring and storing the thresholds to 1.26 or 1.3V. current gain factor and offset into non-volatile storage. The POWER_GOOD_OFF command sets the level below which the PGOOD command is de-asserted. This command The READ_IOUT command provides module average output also sets two thresholds symmetrically placed around the current information. This command only supports positive or nominal output voltage. Normally, the POWER_GOOD_ON current sourced from the module. If the converter is sinking threshold is set higher than the POWER_GOOD_OFF current a reading of 0 is provided. The READ_IOUT threshold. command returns two bytes of data in the linear data format. The exponent uses the upper five bits [7:3] of the Both POWER_GOOD_ON and POWER_GOOD_OFF high data byte in two-s complement format and is fixed at – commands use the “Linear” format with the exponent fixed 4 (decimal). The remaining 11 bits in two’s complement at –10 (decimal). The two thresholds are given by th binary format represent the mantissa with the 11 bit fixed −10 at 0 since only positive numbers are considered valid. V = (POWER _ GOOD _ ON)× 2 OUT (PGOOD _ ON ) −10 V = (POWER _ GOOD _ OFF)× 2 Note that the current reading provided by the module is not OUT (PGOOD _ OFF ) corrected for temperature. The temperature corrected Both commands use two data bytes with bit [7] of the high current reading for module temperature TModule can be byte fixed at 0, while the remaining bits are r/w and used to estimated using the following equation set the mantissa using two’s complement representation. Both commands also use the VOUT_SCALE_LOOP parameter 𝑰 𝑪𝑹𝑹𝑹_𝑶𝑶𝑶 so it must be set correctly. The default value of 𝑰 = 𝑶𝑶𝑶,𝑪𝑶𝑪𝑪 𝟏 + [(𝑶 −𝟑𝟑) ×𝟑.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟑] POWER_GOOD_ON is set at 1.1035V and that of the 𝑰𝑰𝑹 POWER_GOOD_OFF is set at 1.08V. The values associated June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 22 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current where I is the temperature corrected value of the The module supports a number of status information OUT_CORR current measurement, IREAD_OUT is the module current commands implemented in PMBus. However, not all measurement value, T is the temperature of the inductor features are supported in these commands. A 1 in the bit IND winding on the module. Since it may be difficult to measure position indicates the fault that is flagged. T , it may be approximated by an estimate of the module IND temperature. STATUS_BYTE : Returns one byte of information with a summary of the most critical device faults. Bit Default Measuring Output Voltage Using the PMBus Flag Position Value The module can provide output voltage information using 7 X 0 the READ_VOUT command. The command returns two bytes 6 OFF 0 of data all representing the mantissa while the exponent is 5 VOUT Overvoltage 0 fixed at -10 (decimal). 4 IOUT Overcurrent 0 During manufacture of the module, offset and gain 3 VIN Undervoltage 0 correction values are written into the non-volatile memory of 2 Temperature 0 the module. The command VOUT_CAL_OFFSET can be used 1 CML (Comm. Memory Fault) 0 to read and/or write the offset (two bytes consisting of a 16- 0 None of the above 0 bit mantissa in two’s complement format) while the exponent is always fixed at -10 (decimal). The allowed range STATUS_WORD : Returns two bytes of information with a for this offset correction is -125 to 124mV. The command summary of the module’s fault/warning conditions. VOUT_CAL_GAIN can be used to read and/or write the gain Low Byte correction - two bytes consisting of a five-bit exponent (fixed Bit Default Flag at -8) and a 11-bit mantissa. The range of this correction Position Value factor is -0.125V to +0.121V, with a resolution of 0.004V. The 7 X 0 corrected output voltage reading is then given by: 6 OFF 0 5 VOUT Overvoltage 0 V (Final)= OUT 4 IOUT Overcurrent 0 [V (Initial)× (1+VOUT _ CAL _ GAIN)] OUT 3 VIN Undervoltage 0 2 Temperature 0 + VOUT _ CAL _ OFFSET 1 CML (Comm. Memory Fault) 0 0 None of the above 0 Measuring Input Voltage Using the PMBus The module can provide output voltage information using High Byte the READ_VIN command. The command returns two bytes of Bit Default data in the linear format. The upper five bits [7:3] of the high Flag Position Value data form the two’s complement representation of the 7 VOUT fault or warning 0 exponent which is fixed at –5 (decimal). The remaining 11 bits 6 IOUT fault or warning 0 are used for two’s complement representation of the 5 X 0 th mantissa, with the 11 bit fixed at zero since only positive 4 X 0 numbers are valid. 3 POWER_GOOD# (is negated) 0 During module manufacture, offset and gain correction 2 X 0 values are written into the non-volatile memory of the 1 X 0 module. The command VIN_CAL_OFFSET can be used to 0 X 0 read and/or write the offset - two bytes consisting of a five- bit exponent (fixed at -5) and a11-bit mantissa in two’s complement format. The allowed range for this offset correction is -2 to 1.968V, and the resolution is 32mV. The command VIN_CAL_GAIN can be used to read and/or write the gain correction - two bytes consisting of a five-bit exponent (fixed at -8) and a 11-bit mantissa. The range of this correction factor is -0.125V to +0.121V, with a resolution of 0.004V. The corrected output voltage reading is then given by: V (Final)= IN [V (Initial)× (1+VIN _ CAL _ GAIN)] IN + VIN _ CAL _ OFFSET Reading the Status of the Module using the PMBus June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 23 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current STATUS_VOUT : Returns one byte of information relating to exponent – fixed at -2, and lower 11 bits are mantissa in the status of the module’s output voltage related faults. two’s complement format – fixed at 12) Bit Default MFR_VOUT_MIN : Returns minimum output voltage as two Flag data bytes of information in Linear format (upper five bits Position Value are exponent – fixed at -10, and lower 11 bits are mantissa 7 VOUT OV Fault 0 in two’s complement format – fixed at 614) 6 X 0 5 X 0 MFR_SPECIFIC_00 : Returns information related to the type 4 VOUT UV Fault 0 of module and revision number. Bits [7:2] in the Low Byte 3 X 0 indicate the module type (000101 corresponds to the 2 X 0 UxDT006 series of module), while bits [7:3] indicate the 1 X 0 revision number of the module. 0 X 0 STATUS_IOUT : Returns one byte of information relating to Low Byte the status of the module’s output voltage related faults. Bit Default Flag Position Value Bit Default Flag Position Value 7:2 Module Name 000101 7 IOUT OC Fault 0 1:0 Reserved 10 6 X 0 5 IOUT OC Warning 0 4 X 0 High Byte 3 X 0 Bit Default 2 X 0 Flag Position Value 1 X 0 0 X 0 7:3 Module Revision Number None 2:0 Reserved 000 STATUS_TEMPERATURE : Returns one byte of information relating to the status of the module’s temperature related faults. Bit Default Flag Position Value 7 OT Fault 0 6 OT Warning 0 5 X 0 4 X 0 3 X 0 2 X 0 1 X 0 0 X 0 STATUS_CML : Returns one byte of information relating to the status of the module’s communication related faults. Bit Default Flag Position Value 7 Invalid/Unsupported Command 0 6 Invalid/Unsupported Command 0 5 Packet Error Check Failed 0 4 X 0 3 X 0 2 X 0 1 Other Communication Fault 0 0 X 0 MFR_VIN_MIN : Returns minimum input voltage as two data bytes of information in Linear format (upper five bits are June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 24 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Summary of Supported PMBus Commands Please refer to the PMBus 1.1 specification for more details of these commands. Table 6 Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Turn Module on or off. Also used to margin the output voltage Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 01 OPERATION Access r/w r r/w r/w r/w r/w r r Function On X Margin X X Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X Configures the ON/OFF functionality as a combination of analog ON/OFF pin and PMBus commands Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 02 ON_OFF_CONFIG 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 YES Access r r r r/w r/w r/w r/w r Function X X X pu cmd cpr pol cpa Default Value 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 Clear any fault bits that may have been set, also releases the SMBALERT# signal 03 CLEAR_FAULTS if the device has been asserting it. Used to control writing to the module via PMBus. Copies the current register setting in the module whose command code matches the value in the data byte into non-volatile memory (EEPROM) on the module Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w x x x x x Function bit7 bit6 bit5 X X X X X Default Value 0 0 0 X X X X X 10 WRITE_PROTECT YES Bit5: 0 – Enables all writes as permitted in bit6 or bit7 1 – Disables all writes except the WRITE_PROTECT, OPERATION and ON_OFF_CONFIG (bit 6 and bit7 must be 0) Bit 6: 0 – Enables all writes as permitted in bit5 or bit7 1 – Disables all writes except for the WRITE_PROTECT and OPERATION commands (bit5 and bit7 must be 0) Bit7: 0 – Enables all writes as permitted in bit5 or bit6 1 – Disables all writes except for the WRITE_PROTECT command (bit5 and bit6 must be 0) Copies all current register settings in the module into non-volatile memory 11 STORE_DEFAULT_ALL (EEPROM) on the module. Takes about 50ms for the command to execute. Restores all current register settings in the module from values in the module 12 RESTORE_DEFAULT_ALL non-volatile memory (EEPROM) Copies the current register setting in the module whose command code matches the value in the data byte into non-volatile memory (EEPROM) on the module 13 STORE_DEFAULT_CODE Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access w w w w w w w w Function Command code Restores the current register setting in the module whose command code matches the value in the data byte from the value in the module non-volatile memory (EEPROM) 14 RESTORE_DEFAULT_CODE Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access w w w w w w w w Function Command code The module has MODE set to Linear and Exponent set to -10. These values cannot be changed Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 20 VOUT_MODE Access r r r r r r r r Function Mode Exponent Default Value 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 25 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Apply a fixed offset voltage to the output voltage command value. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function High Byte 22 VOUT_TRIM YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sets the target voltage for margining the output high. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function High Byte 25 VOUT_MARGIN_HIGH YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 Sets the target voltage for margining the output low. Exponent is fixed at -10 Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function High Byte 26 VOUT_MARGIN_LOW YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Sets the scaling of the output voltage – equal to the feedback resistor divider ratio Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r/w r/w Function Exponent Mantissa 29 VOUT_SCALE_LOOP YES Default Value 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sets the value of input voltage at which the module turns on Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa 35 VIN_ON YES Default Value 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 26 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Sets the value of input voltage at which the module turns off Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa 36 VIN_OFF YES Default Value 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Returns the value of the gain correction term used to correct the measured output current Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r/w 38 IOUT_CAL_GAIN Function Exponent Mantissa YES Default Value 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 V Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value V: Variable based on factory calibration Returns the value of the offset correction term used to correct the measured output current Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r/w r r 39 IOUT_CAL_OFFSET Function Exponent Mantissa YES Default Value 1 1 1 0 0 V 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 V: Variable based on factory calibration Sets the voltage level for an output overvoltage fault. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function High Byte 40 VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Instructs the module on what action to take in response to a output overvoltage fault Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 41 VOUT_OV_FAULT_RESPONSE YES Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r r r RSP RSP Function RS[2] RS[1] RS[0] X X X [1] [0] Default Value 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 27 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Sets the voltage level for an output undervoltage fault. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function High Byte 44 VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Instructs the module on what action to take in response to a output undervoltage fault Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 45 VOUT_UV_FAULT_RESPONSE YES Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r r r RSP RSP Function RS[2] RS[1] RS[0] X X X [1] [0] Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Sets the output overcurrent fault level in A (cannot be changed) Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa 46 IOUT_OC_FAULT_LIMIT YES Default Value 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Sets the output overcurrent warning level in A Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa 4A IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT YES Default Value 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Sets the output voltage level at which the PGOOD pin is asserted high. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function High Byte 5E POWER_GOOD_ON YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 28 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Sets the output voltage level at which the PGOOD pin is de-asserted low. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 5F POWER_GOOD_OFF Function High Byte YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Low Byte Default Value 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Sets the rise time of the output voltage during startup Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r/w Function Exponent Mantissa 61 TON_RISE YES Default Value 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 Returns one byte of information with a summary of the most critical module faults Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 78 STATUS_BYTE Access r r r r r r r r VOUT IOUT_ VIN_U OTHE Flag X OFF TEMP CML _OV OC V R Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns two bytes of information with a summary of the module’s fault/warning conditions Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r IOUT_ PGOO Flag VOUT X X X X X 79 STATUS_WORD OC D Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r VOUT IOUT_ VIN_U OTHE Flag X OFF TEMP CML _OV OC V R Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns one byte of information with the status of the module’s output voltage related faults Format Unsigned Binary 7A STATUS_VOUT Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Flag VOUT_OV X X VOUT_UV X X X X Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns one byte of information with the status of the module’s output current related faults Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7B STATUS_IOUT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Flag IOUT_OC X IOUT_OC_WARN X X X X X Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 29 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Returns one byte of information with the status of the module’s temperature related faults Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7D STATUS_TEMPERATURE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Flag OT_FAULT OT_WARN X X X X X X Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns one byte of information with the status of the module’s communication related faults Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7E STATUS_CML Access r r r r r r r r Other Invalid Invalid PEC Flag X X X Comm X Command Data Fail Fault Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns the value of the input voltage applied to the module Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa 88 READ_VIN Default Value 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns the value of the output voltage of the module. Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa 8B READ_VOUT Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns the value of the output current of the module Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa 8C READ_IOUT Default Value 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Returns one byte indicating the module is compliant to PMBus Spec. 1.1 (read only) Format Unsigned Binary 98 PMBUS_REVISION YES Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Default Value 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 30 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Hex Non-Volatile Command Brief Description Code Memory Storage Returns the minimum input voltage the module is specified to operate at (read only) Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Exponent Mantissa A0 MFR_VIN_MIN YES Default Value 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Returns the minimum output voltage possible from the module (read only) Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa A4 MFR_VOUT_MIN YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Mantissa Default Value 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Returns module name information (read only) Format Unsigned Binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Reserved D0 MFR_SPECIFIC_00 YES Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r Function Module Name Reserved Default Value 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 Applies an offset to the READ_VOUT command results to calibrate out offset errors in module measurements of the output voltage (between -125mV and +124mV). Exponent is fixed at -10. Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r r r r r r r D4 VOUT_CAL_OFFSET YES Function Mantissa Default Value V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value V V V V V V V V Applies a gain correction to the READ_VOUT command results to calibrate out gain errors in module measurements of the output voltage (between -0.125 and 0.121) Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r r r r/w Function Exponent Mantissa D5 VOUT_CAL_GAIN YES Default Value 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 V Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value V V V V V V V V June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 31 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Table 6 (continued) Non-Volatile Hex Command Brief Description Memory Code Storage Applies an offset correction to the READ_VIN command results to calibrate out offset errors in module measurements of the input voltage (between -2V and +1.968V) Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r/w r r r/w D6 VIN_CAL_OFFSET Function Exponent Mantissa YES Default Value 1 1 0 1 V 0 0 V Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 V V V V V V Applies a gain correction to the READ_VIN command results to calibrate out gain errors in module measurements of the input voltage (between -0.125 and 0.121) Format Linear, two’s complement binary Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r r/w r r r/w Function Exponent Mantissa D7 VIN_CAL_GAIN YES Default Value 1 1 0 0 V 0 0 V Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access r r r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w Function Mantissa Default Value 0 0 0 V V V V V June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 32 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current o temperatures at these points should not exceed 130 C at L1 Thermal Considerations and 125°C at Q3. The output power of the module should Power modules operate in a variety of thermal environments; not exceed the rated power of the module (Vo,set x Io,max). however, sufficient cooling should always be provided to help Please refer to the Application Note “Thermal ensure reliable operation. Characterization Process For Open-Frame Board-Mounted Considerations include ambient temperature, airflow, module Power Modules” for a detailed discussion of thermal power dissipation, and the need for increased reliability. A aspects including maximum device temperatures. reduction in the operating temperature of the module will result in an increase in reliability. The thermal data presented here is based on physical measurements taken in a wind tunnel. The test set-up is shown in Figure 49. The preferred airflow direction for the module is in Figure 50. 25.4_ Wind Tunnel (1.0) PWBs Power Module 76.2_ (3.0) x Figure 50. Preferred airflow direction and location of hot- Probe Location spot of the module (Tref). for measuring 12.7_ airflow and (0.50) ambient temperature Air flow Figure 49. Thermal Test Setup. The thermal reference points, T used in the specifications ref are also shown in Figure 50. For reliable operation the June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 33 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Example Application Circuit Requirements: Vin: 12V Vout: 1.8V Iout: 4.5A max., worst case load transient is from 3A to 4.5A ∆Vout: 1.5% of Vout (27mV) for worst case load transient Vin, ripple 1.5% of Vin (180mV, p-p) Vin+ Vout+ VIN VOUT VS+ PGOOD RTUNE MODULE CTUNE SEQ TRIM CI3 CI2 CI1 CO3 CO1 CO2 DATA ADDR0 SMBALRT# RTrim ADDR1 ON/OFF RADDR1 RADDR0 SIG_GND GND VS- SYNC GND CI1 Decoupling cap - 1x0.047µF/16V ceramic capacitor (e.g. Murata LLL185R71C473MA01) CI2 2x22µF/16V ceramic capacitor (e.g. Murata GRM32ER61C226KE20) CI3 470µF/16V bulk electrolytic CO1 Decoupling cap - 1x0.047µF/16V ceramic capacitor (e.g. Murata LLL185R71C473MA01) + 0.1uF/16V 0402size ceramic capacitor CO2 4x47µF/6.3V ceramic capacitor CO3 - CTune 2200pF ceramic capacitor (can be 1206, 0805 or 0603 size) RTune 300 ΩSMT resistor (can be 1206, 0805 or 0603 size) RTrim 10kΩ SMT resistor (can be 1206, 0805 or 0603 size, recommended tolerance of 0.1%) Note: The DATA, CLK and SMBALRT pins do not have any pull-up resistors inside the module. Typically, the SMBus master controller will have the pull-up resistors as well as provide the driving source for these signals. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 34 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Mechanical Outline Dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). Tolerances: x.x mm ± 0.5 mm (x.xx in. ± 0.02 in.) [unless otherwise indicated] x.xx mm ± 0.25 mm (x.xxx in ± 0.010 in.) June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 35 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Recommended Pad Layout Dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). Tolerances: x.x mm ± 0.5 mm (x.xx in. ± 0.02 in.) [unless otherwise indicated] x.xx mm ± 0.25 mm (x.xxx in ± 0.010 in.) PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION 2 1 ON/OFF 10 SYNC 2 VIN 11 CLK 3 SEQ 12 DATA 4 GND 13 SMBALERT# 5 TRIM 14 SIG_GND 6 VOUT 15 ADDR1 7 VS+ 16 ADDR0 8 VS- 9 PG 2 If unused, connect to Ground June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 36 GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Packaging Details TM The 12V Digital SlimLynx 6A Open Frame modules are supplied in tape & reel as standard. Modules are shipped in quantities of 600 modules per reel. All Dimensions are in millimeters and (in inches). Reel Dimensions: Outside Dimensions: 330.2 mm (13.00) Inside Dimensions: 177.8 mm (7.00”) Tape Width: 44.00 mm (1.732”) ©2016 General Electric Corporation. June 15, 2016 Page 37 All rights reserved. GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current when stored at the following conditions: < 40° C, < 90% Surface Mount Information relative humidity. 300 Pick and Place Per J-STD-020 Rev. D Peak Temp 260°C TM The 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame modules use an open 250 frame construction and are designed for a fully automated Cooling 200 assembly process. The modules are fitted with a label Zone * Min. Time Above 235°C designed to provide a large surface area for pick and place 15 Seconds 150 operations. The label meets all the requirements for surface Heating Zone *Time Above 217°C 1°C/Second 60 Seconds mount processing, as well as safety standards, and is able to 100 o withstand reflow temperatures of up to 300 C. The label also carries product information such as product code, serial 50 number and the location of manufacture. 0 Nozzle Recommendations Reflow Time (Seconds) The module weight has been kept to a minimum by using Figure 51. Recommended linear reflow profile using open frame construction. Variables such as nozzle size, tip Sn/Ag/Cu solder. style, vacuum pressure and placement speed should be considered to optimize this process. The minimum Post Solder Cleaning and Drying Considerations recommended inside nozzle diameter for reliable operation is 3mm. The maximum nozzle outer diameter, which will safely Post solder cleaning is usually the final circuit-board assembly process prior to electrical board testing. The result fit within the allowable component spacing, is 7 mm. of inadequate cleaning and drying can affect both the Lead Free Soldering reliability of a power module and the testability of the finished circuit-board assembly. For guidance on The modules are lead-free (Pb-free) and RoHS compliant and appropriate soldering, cleaning and drying procedures, refer fully compatible in a Pb-free soldering process. Failure to to Board Mounted Power Modules: Soldering and Cleaning observe the instructions below may result in the failure of or Application Note (AN04-001). cause damage to the modules and can adversely affect long-term reliability. Pb-free Reflow Profile Power Systems will comply with J-STD-020 Rev. D (Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices) for both Pb-free solder profiles and MSL classification procedures. This standard provides a recommended forced-air-convection reflow profile based on the volume and thickness of the package (table 4-2). The suggested Pb-free solder paste is Sn/Ag/Cu (SAC). The recommended linear reflow profile using Sn/Ag/Cu solder is shown in Fig. 50. Soldering outside of the recommended profile requires testing to verify results and performance. MSL Rating TM The 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame modules have a MSL rating of 2a. Storage and Handling The recommended storage environment and handling procedures for moisture-sensitive surface mount packages is detailed in J-STD-033 Rev. A (Handling, Packing, Shipping and Use of Moisture/Reflow Sensitive Surface Mount Devices). Moisture barrier bags (MBB) with desiccant are required for MSL ratings of 2 or greater. These sealed packages should not be broken until time of use. Once the original package is broken, the floor life of the product at conditions of ≤ 30°C and 60% relative humidity varies according to the MSL rating (see J-STD-033A). The shelf life for dry packed SMT packages will be a minimum of 12 months from the bag seal date, June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Corporation. All rights reserved. Page 38 Reflow Temp (°C)) GE Data Sheet TM 6A Digital SlimLynx Open Frame: Non-Isolated DC-DC Power Modules 3Vdc –14.4Vdc input; 0.45Vdc to 5.5Vdc output; 6A Output Current Ordering Information Please contact your GE Sales Representative for pricing, availability and optional features. Table 9. Device Codes Input Output Output On/Off Device Code Sequencing Comcodes Voltage Range Voltage Current Logic UNDT006A0X3-SRZ 3 – 14.4Vdc 0.45 – 5.5 Vdc 6A Negative Yes 150035952 UNDT006A0X43-SRZ 3 – 14.4Vdc 0.45 – 5.5 Vdc 6A Positive Yes 150035954 -Z refers to RoHS compliant parts Table 10. Coding Scheme Package Family Sequencing Output Output On/Off Remote ROHS Compliance Identifier Option current voltage logic Sense Options U ND T 006A0 X 3 -SR Z P=Pico ND=SlimLynx T=with EZ 6A X = 4 = 3 = Remote S = Surface Z = ROHS6 Digital Open Sequence programm positive Sense Mount U=Micro Frame able output X=without No entry = R = Tape & M=Mega NV=SlimLynx sequencing negative Reel Analog Open G=Giga Frame GE Digital Non-Isolated DC-DC products use technology licensed from Power-One, protected by US patents: US20040246754, US2004090219A1, US2004093533A1, US2004123164A1, US2004123167A1, US2004178780A1, US2004179382A1, US20050200344, US20050223252, US2005289373A1, US20060061214, US2006015616A1, US20060174145, US20070226526, US20070234095, US20070240000, US20080052551, US20080072080, US20080186006, US6741099, US6788036, US6936999, US6949916, US7000125, US7049798, US7068021, US7080265, US7249267, US7266709, US7315156, US7372682, US7373527, US7394445, US7456617, US7459892, US7493504, US7526660. Outside the US the Power-One licensed technology is protected by patents: AU3287379AA, AU3287437AA, AU3290643AA, AU3291357AA, CN10371856C, CN1045261OC, CN10458656C, CN10459360C, CN10465848C, CN11069332A, CN11124619A, CN11346682A, CN1685299A, CN1685459A, CN1685582A, CN1685583A, CN1698023A, CN1802619A, EP1561156A1, EP1561268A2, EP1576710A1, EP1576711A1, EP1604254A4, EP1604264A4, EP1714369A2, EP1745536A4, EP1769382A4, EP1899789A2, EP1984801A2, W004044718A1, W004045042A3, W004045042C1, W004062061 A1, W004062062A1, W004070780A3, W004084390A3, W004084391A3, W005079227A3, W005081771A3, W006019569A3, W02007001584A3, W02007094935A3 Contact Us For more information, call us at USA/Canada: +1 888 546 3243, or +1 972 244 9288 Asia-Pacific: +86.021.54279977*808 Europe, Middle-East and Africa: +49.89.878067-280 www.gecriticalpower.com GE Critical Power reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice, and no liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information. June 15, 2016 ©2016 General Electric Company. All International rights reserved. Version 1.6