MURATA POWER SOLUTIONS RBQ-12/33-D48PB-C

www.murata-ps.com RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters Output (Vout, typ) Current (A) Nominal Input (V) 11.7 33 48 Typical unit FEATURES PRODUCT OVERVIEW „„ The fully isolated (2250 Vdc) RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C zero airflow higher temperature applications may 386 Watts total output power, 11.7 VDC @ 33 A module accepts a 36 to 75 Volt DC input voltage use the optional base plate for cold surface mount- „„ Regulated Intermediated Bus Architecture (RIBA) range (48 VDC nominal) and converts it to a low Vdc ing or natural-convection heatsinks. with PoL converters output. Applications include 48V-powered datacom „„ 96% ultra-high efficiency at full load (typical) A wealth of electronic protection features include and telecom installations, base stations, cellular „„ 36 to 75 Volt DC input range (48 VDC nominal) input undervoltage lockout (UVLO) , output current dataphone repeaters, instruments and embedded limit, short circuit hiccup, and overtemperature „„ Standard quarter-brick footprint systems. Wideband output ripple and noise is a low shutdown. Available options include positive or „„ Synchronous rectifier topology with 100 mV 100 mV, peak-to-peak. negative logic remote On/Off control, conformal ripple & noise The RBQ’s synchronous-rectifier topology with coating, and various pin lengths. Assembled using „„ Up to +85° Celsius thermal performance (with line regulation and fixed frequency operation ISO-certified automated surface-mount techniques, derating) means excellent efficiencies up to 96%, enabling the RBQ series is certified to all UL and IEC emis- „„ Stable no-load operation “no heatsink” operation for most applications up sions, safety and flammability standards. „„ Multiple-unit parallel operation for increased to +85° Celsius (with derating airflow). “No fan” or current „„ Fully isolated to 2250 VDC (BASIC) „„ Remote On/Off enable control „„ Extensive protection features – SC, OC, UVLO, OT „„ Certified to full safety, emissions and environ- mental standards „„ Approved to UL 60950-1, CAN/CSAC22.2 No. 60950-1, IEC60950-1, EN60950-1 safety ap- provals (2nd Edition, with Amendment 1) Isolation F1 +Vin (1) +Vout (8) Barrier • Switching External • Filters On/Off DC Controller Control Power • Current Sense (2) and Power Source Transfer Open = On Reference and Duty Cycle Closed = Off Regulation Error Amplifier (Positive logic) -Vin (3) -Vout (4) Figure 1. Connection Diagram Typical topology is shown. Murata Power Solutions recommends an external fuse at F1. For full details go to www.murata-ps.com/rohs www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 1 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY AND ORDERING GUIDE Output Input Ripple & Noise Effi- Total IIN, min. IIN, full (mVp-p) Regulation (max.) ➁ ciency Dimensions Vout IOUT Power VIN Nom. Range load load Root Model ➀ (V, typ) (A, typ) (W, typ) Typ. Max. Line (%) Load (%) (V) (V) (mA) (A) Typ. (inches) (mm) RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C 11.7 33 386 100 200 +1/-2 ±3 48 36-75 140 8.59 96% 2.3 x 1.45 x 0.5 58.4 x 36.8 x 12.7 ➀ Please refer to the part number structure for additional options and complete ordering part ➂ All specifications are at nominal line voltage and full load, +25 deg.C. unless otherwise noted. numbers. See detailed specifications. Output capacitors are 1μF, 10uF and 470μF in parallel, with a 220μF ➁ Regulation specifications describe the output voltage deviations as the line voltage or load input capacitor. I/O caps are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed for your current is varied from its nominal/midpoint value to either extreme. (Load step = ±25 %). Line application. Regulation tested from 40V to 75V, output @nominal load. PART NUMBER STRUCTURE RB Q - 12 / 33 - D48 N B S H Lx - C Output Configuration RoHS Hazardous Materials compliance RB = Regulated Converter C = RoHS 6 (does not claim EU RoHS exemption 7b–lead in solder), standard Quarter-Brick Package Pin Length Option (Through-hole packages only) Isolated converter Blank = Standard pin length 0.180 inches (4.6mm) L1 = Pin length 0.110 inches (2.79mm) ➀ L2 = Pin length 0.145 inches (3.68mm) ➀ Maximum Output Voltage (11.85V) Conformal coating (optional) Blank = no coating, standard H = Coating added, optional ➀ Maximum Rated Output Load Share Option Blank = no share Current in Amps S = Load share Input Voltage Range Baseplate B = Baseplate installed, standard D48 = 36-75V, NOTE: This product is not available without the baseplate. 48V nominal On/Off Control Logic Option N = Negative logic P = Positive logic ➀ Special quantity order is required; samples available with standard pin length only. ➁ Some model number combinations may not be available. See website or contact your local Murata sales representative. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 2 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Conditions ➀ Minimum Typical/Nominal Maximum Units Input Voltage, Continuous Full power operation 0 80 Vdc Operating or non-operating, 100 mS max. Input Voltage, Transient 0 100 Vdc duration Isolation Voltage Input to output, 100 mS to IEC/EN/UL 60950-1 2250 Vdc On/Off Remote Control Power on or off, referred to -Vin 0 15 Vdc Output Power 0 391 W Current-limited, no damage, short-circuit Output Current 0 33 A protected Storage Temperature Range Vin = Zero (no power) -55 125 °C Absolute maximums are stress ratings. Exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-term reliability. Proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the Performance/Functional Specifications Table is not implied or recommended. INPUT Operating voltage range 36 48 75 Vdc Recommended External Fuse Fast blow 20 A Start-up threshold Rising input voltage 32 33.5 35 Vdc Undervoltage shutdown Falling input voltage 30 31.5 33 Vdc Internal Filter Type Pi Input current Full Load Conditions 8.59 8.68 A Low Line Vin = minimum 10.8 12 A Inrush Transient 0.3 A2-Sec. Output in Short Circuit 0.5 A No Load Input Current (Iout @ min) Iout = minimum, unit=ON 140 200 mA Shut-Down Mode Input Current 5 10 mA Reflected (back) ripple current ➁ Measured at input with specified filter 70 200 mA, RMS GENERAL and SAFETY Efficiency Vin=48V, full load 95 96 % Vin=75V, full load 93 94 % Isolation Isolation Voltage, input to output 2250 Vdc Isolation Voltage, input to baseplate 1500 Vdc Isolation Voltage, output to baseplate 1500 Vdc Insulation Safety Rating basic Isolation Resistance 10 Mohm Isolation Capacitance 1500 pF UL-60950-1, CSA-C22.2 No.60950-1, Safety Yes IEC/EN60950-1, 2nd Edition with Amendment 1 Per Telcordia SR332, issue 1, class 3, ground 6 Calculated MTBF 1.8 Hours x 10 fixed, Tambient=+25°C DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Fixed Switching Frequency 360 KHz Power On to Vout regulated, 10-90% Vout, Startup Delay 20 mS resistive load Startup Delay Remote ON to 10% of Vout 10 mS 50-75-50% load step, settling time to within Dynamic Load Response 350 µSec ±2% of Vout Dynamic Load Peak Deviation Same as above ±400 mV FEATURES and OPTIONS Remote On/Off Control ➃ “N” suffix: Negative Logic, ON state ON = Pin grounded or external voltage -0.1 0.8 V Negative Logic, OFF state OFF = Pin open or external voltage 2.5 15 V Control Current Open collector/drain 1 2 mA “P” suffix: Positive Logic, ON state ON = Pin open or external voltage 3.5 15 V Positive Logic, OFF state OFF = Ground pin or external voltage 0 1 V Control Current Open collector/drain 1 2 mA OUTPUT Minimum Typical/Nominal Maximum Units Conditions ➀ www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 3 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) Total Output Power See Derating 0 386 391 W Voltage Nominal Output Voltage Measured @ 48Vin, Full Load. 11.4 11.7 12.5 Vdc Nominal Output Voltage Measured @ 48Vin, Half Load. 11.55 11.7 11.85 Vdc Over sample load (0-33A), input line (40-75V) Total Output Range and temperature (see derating curves) , for 11 12.5 V regular model and S option Vout Overshoot 12.9 13.1 V Voltage Output Voltage For S option only 11.7 12.5 Vdc (initial output set point @48V, no load) Output Voltage For S option only 11.685 11.715 Vdc (initial output set point @48V, 50% load) Output Voltage For S option only 11.5 11.7 Vdc (initial output set point @48V, 100% load) For S option only: total output range (input line, Output Voltage 11.0 12.5 Vdc load, temperature, samples) Overvoltage Protection Output Voltage clamped (see technical note) N/A V Current Output Current Range 0 33 33 A Minimum Load No minimum load Current Limit Inception 98% of Vnom., after warmup 40 46 50 A Short Circuit Hiccup technique, autorecovery within 1.25% Short Circuit Current 6 A of Vout Short Circuit Duration Output shorted to ground, no damage Continuous (remove short for recovery) Short circuit protection method Current limiting Regulation ➄ Line Regulation Vin=40 to 75V +1/-2 % Load Regulation Iout=min. to max., Vin=48V ±3 % Ripple and Noise 5 Hz- 20 MHz BW 100 200 mV pk-pk Temperature Coefficient At all outputs 0.003 0.02 % of Vnom./°C Maximum Capacitive Loading Cap. ESR=<0.02Ω, Full resistive load 470 6000 μF (10% ceramic, 90% Oscon) MECHANICAL (Through Hole Models) Outline Dimensions 2.3 x 1.45 x 0.5 Inches 58.4 x 36.8 x 12.7 mm Weight 2.4 Ounces 69 Grams Through Hole Pin Diameter Input pins 0.04 ±0.001 Inches 1.016±0.025 mm Through Hole Pin Diameter Output pins 0.060 ±0.001 Inches 1.524±0.025 mm Through Hole Pin Material Copper alloy TH Pin Plating Metal and Thickness Nickel subplate 100-299 µ-inches Gold overplate 3.9-20 µ-inches ENVIRONMENTAL With derating, full power, no condensation, Operating Ambient Temperature Range -40 85 °C components +125˚C. max. Storage Temperature Vin = Zero (no power) -55 125 °C Measured at hotspot 115 125 130 °C Thermal Protection/Shutdown Operating baseplate temperature -40 110 120 °C Electromagnetic Interference External filter is required B Class Conducted, EN55022/CISPR22 Relative humidity, non-condensing To +85°C 10 90 %RH Altitude must derate -1%/1000 feet -500 10,000 feet -152 3048 meters RoHS rating RoHS-6 Notes ➁ Input (back) ripple current is tested and specified over 5 Hz to 20 MHz bandwidth. Input filtering ➀ Unless otherwise noted, all specifications are at nominal input voltage, nominal output voltage is Cbus = 220 µF, Cin = 220 µF and Lbus = 4.7 μH. and full load. General conditions are +25˚ Celsius ambient temperature, near sea level altitude, ➂ All models are stable and regulate to specification under no load. natural convection airflow. All models are tested and specified with external parallel 1μF, 10μF ➃ The Remote On/Off Control is referred to -Vin. and 470 μF output capacitors and 220 µF external input capacitor. All capacitors are low-ESR ➄ Regulation specifications describe the output voltage changes as the line voltage or load current types wired close to the converter. These capacitors are necessary for our test equipment and is varied from its nominal or midpoint value to either extreme. may not be needed in the user’s application. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 4 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters PERFORMANCE DATA Efficiency and Power Dissipation Typical Output Voltage (Vout) vs. Input Voltage (Vin) at +25°C 12 98 26 96 24 11.8 94 22 92 20 90 18 VIN = 36V 11.6 88 16 0% Load VIN = 48V 86 14 VIN = 75V 50% Load 84 12 11.4 100% Load 82 10 Dissipation at 48V input 80 8 11.2 78 6 76 4 74 2 11 72 0 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 Load Current (Amps) The RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C is not designed to be operated within the shaded area. The output voltage will be fully regulated within the white area in the graph above. Operation outside of this area is not recommended for normal use. Startup Delay (Vin = 48V, Iout = 33A, Vout = nom, Cload = 470µF, Ta = +25°C) Enable Startup Delay (Vin = 48V, Iout = 33A, Vout = nom, Cload = 470µF, Ta = +25°C) Ch1 = Vin, Ch2 = Vout Ch2 = Vout, Ch4 = Enable Output ripple and Noise (Vin = 48V, Iout = 0A, Vout = nom, Output ripple and Noise (Vin = 48V, Iout = 33A, Vout = nom, Cload = 1µF || 10µF || 470µF, Ta = +25°C) Cload = 1µF || 10µF || 470µF, Ta = +25°C) www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 5 of 15 Efficiency (%) Loss RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters PERFORMANCE DATA Step Load Transient Response (Vin = 48V, Iout = 50-75% of Imax, Cload = 470µF, Step Load Transient Response (Vin = 48V, Iout = 75-50% of Imax, Cload = 470µF, Slew rate: 1A/uS, Ta = +25 °C.) (-Delta = 278mV, Recovery Time = 164uS) Slew rate: 1A/uS, Ta = +25 °C.) (-Delta = 266mV, Recovery Time = 156uS) Step Load Transient Response (Vin = 48V, Iout = 50-75-50% of Imax, Cload = 470µF, Slew rate: 1A/uS, Ta = +25 °C.) Current Sharing* Ta=25°C, Vin=48V 40 35 30 25 20 15 No. 1 Load No. 2 Load 10 5 0 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 Total Output Load (Amps) *See Technical note section www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 6 of 15 Current Share Load (Amps) RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters PERFORMANCE DATA Maximum Current Temperature Derating in Longitudinal Direction Maximum Current Temperature Derating in Transverse Direction Vin= 40V (air flow is from Vin to Vout) Vin= 40V (air flow is from -Vin to +Vin) 35 40 35 30 0.5 m/s (100LFM) 30 25 1.0 m/s (200LFM) 1.5 m/s (300LFM) 0.5 m/s (100LFM) 25 1.0 m/s (200LFM) 2.0 m/s (400LFM) 20 2.5 m/s (500LFM) 1.5 m/s (300LFM) 20 3.0 m/s (600LFM) 2.0 m/s (400LFM) 2.5 m/s (500LFM) 15 3.0 m/s (600LFM) 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Ambient Temperature (ºC) Ambient Temperature (ºC) Maximum Current Temperature Derating in Transverse Direction Maximum Current Temperature Derating in Longitudinal Direction Vin= 48V (air flow is from -Vin to +Vin) Vin= 48V (air flow is from Vin to Vout) 40 35 35 30 0.5 m/s (100LFM) 30 25 1.0 m/s (200LFM) 0.5 m/s (100LFM) 1.5 m/s (300LFM) 25 1.0 m/s (200LFM) 2.0 m/s (400LFM) 20 1.5 m/s (300LFM) 2.5 m/s (500LFM) 20 2.0 m/s (400LFM) 3.0 m/s (600LFM) 2.5 m/s (500LFM) 15 3.0 m/s (600LFM) 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Ambient Temperature (ºC) Ambient Temperature (ºC) Maximum Current Temperature Derating in Transverse Direction Maximum Current Temperature Derating in Longitudinal Direction Vin= 75V (air flow is from -Vin to +Vin) Vin= 75V (air flow is from Vin to Vout) 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 0.5 m/s (100LFM) 20 1.0 m/s (200LFM) 0.5 m/s (100LFM) 1.5 m/s (300LFM) 20 2.0 m/s (400LFM) 1.0 m/s (200LFM) 15 2.5 m/s (500LFM) 1.5 m/s (300LFM) 15 3.0 m/s (600LFM) 2.0 m/s (400LFM) 2.5 m/s (500LFM) 10 10 3.0 m/s (600LFM) 5 5 0 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Ambient Temperature (ºC) Ambient Temperature (ºC) www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 7 of 15 Output Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) 0.057 TY P 3PL RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS (THROUGH-HOLE MOUNT) 2.30 (58.42) M3 TYP 3PL 0.220 1.860 (47.24) (5.59) PINS 1-3: φ0.040±0.0015(1.016±0.038) 0.010 minimum clearance Shoulder: φ0.076±0.005(1.93±0.13) between standoffs and PINS 4,8: highest component φ0.062±0.0015(1.575±0.038) Shoulder: φ0.098±0.005(2.49±0.13) 2.000 (50.8) 2.340 (59.44) SEE NOTE 6 2.000 (50.8) 0.170 1 8 3 4 2 2 3 4 1 8 2.000 PIN SIDE VIEW RECOMMEND PCB FOOTPRINT NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED; 1:M3 SCREW USED TO BOLT UNIT'S BASEPLATE TO OTHER SURFACES (SUCH AS HEATSINK) MUST NOT EXCEED 0.098" (2.5mm) DEPTH BELOW THE SURFACE OF BASEPLATE 2:APPLIED TORQUE PER SCREW SHOULD NOT EXCEED 5.3In-lb (0.6Nm); 3:ALL DIMENSION ARE IN INCHES[MILIMETER]; 4:ALL TOLERANCES: ×.××in,±0.02in (×.×mm,±0.5mm) ×.×××in, ±0.01in (×.××mm,±0.25mm) 5:COMPONENTS WILL VARY BETWEEN MODELS 6:STANDARD PIN LENGTH: 0.180 Inch FOR L2 PIN LENGTH OPTION IN MODEL NAME, SEE PART NUMBER STRUCTURE. Dimensions are in inches (mm shown for ref. only). INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS Third Angle Projection Pin Function 1 +Vin 2 Remote On/Off 3 −Vin 4 −Vout Tolerances (unless otherwise specified): 8 +Vout .XX ± 0.02 (0.5) .XXX ± 0.010 (0.25) The 0.145" (L2) pin length is shown. Angles ± 2˚ Please refer to the part number structure for alternate pin lengths. Components are shown for reference only and may vary between units. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 8 of 15 0.080 TY P 2PL 0.600 (15.24) 1.45 L 0.52 Max 0.600 (15.24) 1.030 (26.16) 0.210 (5.33) 1.470 0.600 0.435 0.600 (15.24) RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters SHIPPING TRAYS AND BOXES, THROUGH-HOLE MOUNT 9.92 9.92 REF REF EACH STATIC DISSIPATIVE POLYETHYLENE FOAM TRAY ACCOMMODATES 15 CONVERTERS IN A 3 X 5 ARRAY 0.88 REF 2.75±0.25 CLOSED HEIGHT CARTON ACCOMMODATES TWO (2) TRAYS YIELDING 30 CONVERTERS PER CARTON MPQ=30 10.50±.25 11.00±.25 SHIPPING TRAY DIMENSIONS RBQ modules are supplied in a 15-piece (5 x 3) shipping tray. The tray is an anti-static closed-cell polyethylene foam. Dimensions are shown below. 252.0 +.000 [9.92] -.062 46.36 [1.825] TYP 252.0 +.000 [9.92] -.062 15.875 [0.625] TYP 60.96 [2.400] TYP 18.67 [0.735] C 18.42 L 6.35 [.25] R TYP [0.725] TYP 6.35 [.25] CHAMFER 36.83 TYP (4-PL) [1.450] TYP Notes: 1. Material: Dow 220 antistat ethafoam (Density: 34-35 kg/m3) 2. Dimensions: 252 x 252 x 19.1 mm 5 x 3 array (15 per tray) 3. All dimensions in millimeters [inches] 4. Tolerances unless otherwise specified: +1/-0 www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 9 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters TECHNICAL NOTES Thermal Shutdown Extended operation at excessive temperature will initiate overtemperature Vin shutdown triggered by a temperature sensor inside the PWM controller. This operates similarly to overcurrent and short circuit mode. The inception point CH1 of the overtemperature condition depends on the average power delivered, On/Off the ambient temperature and the extent of forced cooling airflow. Thermal shutdown uses only the hiccup mode (autorestart). Parallel Load Sharing (S Option, Load Sharing) CH2 Vout Two or more converters may be connected in parallel at both the input and output terminals to support higher output current (total power, see figure 2) or to improve reliability due to the reduced stress that results when the modules are CH3 operating below their rated limits. For applications requiring current share, follow the guidelines below. See specification table for Output Voltage set points. The CH1 = Vin CH2 = On/Off CH3 = Vout stated output voltage set point is trimmed to a very narrow range (11.7V ±10mV Figure 3. Typical Turn On for Positive Logic Modules @48Vin, 50% load). The output voltage will decrease when the load current is CAUTION: This converter is not internally fused. To avoid danger to persons increased. Our goal is to have each converter contribute nearly identical current or equipment and to retain safety certification, the user must connect an into the output load under all input, environmental and load conditions. external fast-blow input fuse as listed in the specifications. Be sure that the PC F1 board pad area and etch size are adequate to provide enough current so that +Vin +Vout the fuse will blow with an overload. On/Off Using Parallel Connections – Redundancy (N+1) –Vin –Vout The redundancy connections in figure 4 requires external user supplied “OR”ing diodes or “OR”ing MOSFETs for reliability purposes. The diodes allow + for an uninterruptable power system operation in case of a catastrophic failure F2 +Vin +Vout + + (shorted output) by one of the converters. Input Input On/Off LOAD Source Filter The diodes should be identical part numbers to enhance balance between –Vin –Vout – – the converters. The default factory nominal voltage should be sufficiently – matched between converters. The OR’ing diode system is the responsibility of On/Off Signal the user. Be aware of the power levels applied to the diodes and possible heat F3 +Vin +Vout sink requirements. On/Off Schottky power diodes with approximately 0.3V drops or “OR”ing MOSFETs –Vin –Vout may be suitable in the loop whereas 0.7 V silicon power diodes may not be advisable. In the event of an internal device fault or failure of the mains power Figure 2. Load Sharing Block Diagram F1 Using Parallel Connections – Load Sharing (Power Boost) +Vin +Vout „„ All converters must be powered up and powered down simultaneously. Use On/Off a common input power source. –Vin –Vout „„ It is required to use a common Remote On/Off logic control signal to turn on modules (see figure 2). + „„ When Vin has reached steady state, apply control signal to the all modules. F2 Figure 3 illustrates the turn on process for positive logic modules. +Vin +Vout + + „„ Input Input First power up the parallel system (all converters) with a load not exceed- On/Off LOAD Source Filter ing the rated load of each converter and allow converters to settle (typically –Vin –Vout – – 20-100mS) before applying full load. As a practical matter, if the loads are downstream PoL converters, power these up shortly after the converter has – reached steady state output. Also be aware of the delay caused by charging On/Off Signal F3 up external bypass capacitors. +Vin +Vout „„ It is critical that the PCB layout incorporates identical connections from each On/Off module to the load; use the same trace rating and airflow/thermal environ- –Vin –Vout ments. If you add input filter components, use identical components and layout. „„ When converters are connected in parallel, allow for a safety factor of at Figure 4. Redundant Parallel Connections least 10%. Up to 90% of max output current can be used from each module. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 10 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters modules on the primary side, the other devices automatically take over the rated current. Similar conditions apply to the On to Vout regulated specification entire supply of the loads. In the basic N+1 power system, the “N” equals the such as external load capacitance and soft start circuitry. number of modules required to fully power the system and “+1” equals one Recommended Input Filtering back-up module that will take over for a failed module. If the system consists The user must assure that the input source has low AC impedance to provide of two power modules, each providing 50% of the total load power under dynamic stability and that the input supply has little or no inductive content, normal operation and one module fails, another one delivers full power to the including long distributed wiring to a remote power supply. The converter will load. This means you can use smaller and less expensive power converters as operate with no additional external capacitance if these conditions are met. the redundant elements, while achieving the goal of increased availability. For best performance, we recommend installing a low-ESR capacitor Start Up Considerations immediately adjacent to the converter’s input terminals. The capacitor should When power is first applied to the DC-DC converter, there is some risk of start be a ceramic type such as the Murata GRM32 series or a polymer type. Make up difficulties if you do not have both low AC and DC impedance and adequate sure that the input terminals do not go below the undervoltage shutdown volt- regulation of the input source. Make sure that your source supply does not allow age at all times. More input bulk capacitance may be added in parallel (either the instantaneous input voltage to go below the minimum voltage at all times. electrolytic or tantalum) if needed. Use a moderate size capacitor very close to the input terminals. You may Recommended Output Filtering need two or more parallel capacitors. A larger electrolytic or ceramic cap sup- The converter will achieve its rated output ripple and noise with no additional plies the surge current and a smaller parallel low-ESR ceramic cap gives low external capacitor. However, the user may install more external output capaci- AC impedance. tance to reduce the ripple even further or for improved dynamic response. Remember that the input current is carried both by the wiring and the Again, use low-ESR ceramic (Murata GRM32 series) or polymer capacitors. ground plane return. Make sure the ground plane uses adequate thickness Mount these close to the converter. Measure the output ripple under your load copper. Run additional bus wire if necessary. conditions. Input Fusing Use only as much capacitance as required to achieve your ripple and noise Certain applications and/or safety agencies may require fuses at the inputs of objectives. Excessive capacitance can make step load recovery sluggish or power conversion components. Fuses should also be used when there is the possibly introduce instability. Do not exceed the maximum rated output capaci- possibility of sustained input voltage reversal which is not current-limited. For tance listed in the specifications. greatest safety, we recommend a fast blow fuse installed in the ungrounded Input Ripple Current and Output Noise input supply line. All models in this converter series are tested and specified for input reflected Input Under-Voltage Shutdown and Start-Up Threshold ripple current and output noise using designated external input/output com- Under normal start-up conditions, converters will not begin to regulate properly ponents, circuits and layout as shown in the figures below. The Cbus and Lbus until the rising input voltage exceeds and remains at the Start-Up Threshold components simulate a typical DC voltage bus. Voltage (see Specifications). Once operating, converters will not turn off until the input voltage drops below the Under-Voltage Shutdown Limit. Subsequent TO CURRENT restart will not occur until the input voltage rises again above the Start-Up OSCILLOSCOPE PROBE Threshold. This built-in hysteresis prevents any unstable on/off operation at a +Vin single input voltage. LBUS + Start-Up Time – VIN CBUS CIN Assuming that the output current is set at the rated maximum, the Vin to Vout + – Start-Up Time (see Specifications) is the time interval between the point when the rising input voltage crosses the Start-Up Threshold and the fully loaded -Vin output voltage enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. Actual CIN = 220μF (100V), ESR < 700mΩ @ 100kHz measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input capaci- CBUS = 220μF (100V), ESR < 100mΩ @ 100kHz tance, input voltage slew rate and final value of the input voltage as it appears LBUS = 4.7μH at the converter. Figure 5. Measuring Input Ripple Current These converters include a soft start circuit to moderate the duty cycle of its PWM controller at power up, thereby limiting the input inrush current. Minimum Output Loading Requirements The On/Off Remote Control interval from On command to Vout (final ±5%) All models regulate within specification and are stable under no load to full assumes that the converter already has its input voltage stabilized above the load conditions. Operation under no load might however slightly increase Start-Up Threshold before the On command. The interval is measured from the output ripple and noise. On command until the output enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. The specification assumes that the output is fully loaded at maximum www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 11 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters Output Fusing The converter is extensively protected against current, voltage and temperature extremes. However your output application circuit may need additional protec- +VOUT tion. In the extremely unlikely event of output circuit failure, excessive voltage could be applied to your circuit. Consider using an appropriate fuse in series RLOAD with the output. C1 SCOPE C2 C3 Output Current Limiting -VOUT Current limiting inception is defined as the point at which full power falls below the rated tolerance. See the Performance/Functional Specifications. Note par- ticularly that the output current may briefly rise above its rated value in normal operation as long as the average output power is not exceeded. This enhances C1 = 1µF reliability and continued operation of your application. If the output current is C2 = 10µF too high, the converter will enter the short circuit condition. C3 = 470µF LOAD 2-3 INCHES (51-76mm) FROM MODULE Figure 6. Measuring Output Ripple and Noise (PARD) Output Short Circuit Condition When a converter is in current-limit mode, the output voltage will drop as the Thermal Shutdown output current demand increases. If the output voltage drops too low (approxi- To prevent many over temperature problems and damage, these converters mately 97% of nominal output voltage for most models), the PWM controller include thermal shutdown circuitry. If environmental conditions cause the will shut down. Following a time-out period, the PWM will restart, causing temperature of the DC-DCs to rise above the Operating Temperature Range the output voltage to begin rising to its appropriate value. If the short-circuit up to the shutdown temperature, an on-board electronic temperature sensor condition persists, another shutdown cycle will initiate. This rapid on/off cycling will power down the unit. When the temperature decreases below the turn-on is called “hiccup mode.” The hiccup cycling reduces the average output cur- threshold, the converter will automatically restart. There is a small amount of rent, thereby preventing excessive internal temperatures and/or component hysteresis to prevent rapid on/off cycling. damage. A short circuit can be tolerated indefinitely. CAUTION: If you operate too close to the thermal limits, the converter may The “hiccup” system differs from older latching short circuit systems shut down suddenly without warning. Be sure to thoroughly test your applica- because you do not have to power down the converter to make it restart. The tion to avoid unplanned thermal shutdown. system will automatically restore operation as soon as the short circuit condi- tion is removed. Temperature Derating Curves The graphs in this data sheet illustrate typical operation under a variety of Remote On/Off Control conditions. The Derating curves show the maximum continuous ambient air On the input side, a remote On/Off Control can be specified with either logic temperature and decreasing maximum output current which is acceptable type. Please refer to the Connection Diagram on page 1 for On/Off connections. under increasing forced airflow measured in Linear Feet per Minute (“LFM”). Positive-logic models are enabled when the On/Off pin is left open or is Note that these are AVERAGE measurements. The converter will accept brief pulled high to +15V with respect to –VIN. Positive-logic devices are disabled increases in current or reduced airflow as long as the average is not exceeded. when the On/Off is grounded or brought to within a low voltage (see Specifica- Note that the temperatures are of the ambient airflow, not the converter tions) with respect to –VIN. itself which is obviously running at higher temperature than the outside air. Also note that “natural convection” is defined as very flow rates which are not using fan-forced airflow. Depending on the application, “natural convection” is +INPUT usually about 30-65 LFM but is not equal to still air (0 LFM). 200k Murata Power Solutions makes Characterization measurements in a closed 13V CIRCUIT cycle wind tunnel with calibrated airflow. We use both thermocouples and an infrared camera system to observe thermal performance. As a practical matter, ON/OFF CONTROL 5V CIRCUIT it is quite difficult to insert an anemometer to precisely measure airflow in most applications. Sometimes it is possible to estimate the effective airflow if you thoroughly understand the enclosure geometry, entry/exit orifice areas and the fan flowrate specifications. –INPUT CAUTION: If you exceed these Derating guidelines, the converter may have an unplanned Over Temperature shut down. Also, these graphs are all collected Figure 7. Driving the Positive Logic On/Off Control Pin near Sea Level altitude. Be sure to reduce the derating for higher altitude. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 12 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters Negative-logic models are on (enabled) when the On/Off is grounded or +INPUT brought to within a low voltage (see Specifications) with respect to –VIN. The device is off (disabled) when the On/Off is left open or is pulled high to +15VDC Max. with respect to –VIN. Dynamic control of the On/Off function should be able to sink specified ON/OFF signal current when brought low and withstand specified voltage when brought CONTROL high. Be aware too that there is a finite time in milliseconds (see Specifications) between the time of On/Off Control activation and stable output. This time will vary slightly with output load type and current and input conditions. –INPUT Output Capacitive Load These converters do not require external capacitance added to achieve rated Figure 8. Driving the Negative Logic On/Off Control Pin specifications. Users should only consider adding capacitance to reduce switching noise and/or to handle spike current load steps. Install only enough capacitance to achieve noise objectives. Excess external capacitance may cause degraded transient response and possible oscillation or instability. Output OVP (Output Clamped) The RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C module incorporates circuitry to protect the output/ load (Output OVP, Over Voltage Protection) by effectively clamping the output voltage to a maximum of 13.1V under certain fault conditions. The initial output voltage is set at the factory for an accuracy of ±1.5%, and is regulated over line load and temperature using a closed loop feedback system. In the event of a failure that causes the module to operate open loop (failure in the control loop), the output voltage will be determined by the input voltage/duty cycle of the voltage conversion (Pulse Width Modulation) circuit. For example, when the input voltage is at 36V, the duty cycle is D1; when the input voltage is at 75V, the maximum duty cycle is D1/2; this change in duty cycle compensates Vout for Vin changes. As Vin continues to increase above 75V the voltage at Vout is clamped because maximum duty cycle has been reached. The output voltage is always proportional to Vin*Duty in a buck derived topology. Figure 4 is the test waveform for the RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C module when its feedback loop is open, simulating a loop failure. Channel 1 is the input voltage and Channel 2 it the output voltage. When the input voltage climbs from 48Vdc to 100Vdc, the output voltage remains stable. Figure 9. Test Waveform with Feedback Loop Open www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 13 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters Emissions Performance, Model RBQ-12-33-D48 [3] Conducted Emissions Test Results Murata Power Solutions measures its products for radio frequency emissions against the EN 55022 and CISPR 22 standards. Passive resistance loads are employed and the output is set to the maximum voltage. If you set up your own emissions testing, make sure the output load is rated at continuous power while doing the tests. The recommended external input and output capacitors (if required) are included. Please refer to the fundamental switching frequency. All of this information is listed in the Product Specifications. An external discrete filter is installed and the circuit diagram is shown below. VCC RTN L1 L2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 + + LOAD C6 C7 C12 DC/DC -48V GND C8 C9 C10 C11 GND Figure 10. Conducted Emissions Test Circuit Graph 1. Conducted emissions performance, Positive Line, CISPR 22, Class B, full load [1] Conducted Emissions Parts List Reference Part Number Description Vendor SMD CERAMIC-100V- C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 GRM32ER72A105KA01L Murata 1000nF-X7R-1210 SMD CERAMIC100V-100nF- C6 GRM319R72A104KA01D Murata ±10%-X7R-1206 COMMON MODE-473uH- L1, L2 PG0060T Pulse ±25%-14A SMD CERAMIC630V-0.22uF- C8, C9, C10, C11 GRM55DR72J224KW01L Murata ±10%-X7R-2220 Aluminum100V-220Uf- C7 UHE2A221MHD Nichicon ±10%-long lead C12 NA [2] Conducted Emissions Test Equipment Used Hewlett Packard HP8594L Spectrum Analyzer – S/N 3827A00153 2Line V-networks LS1-15V 50Ω/50Uh Line Impedance Stabilization Network Graph 2. Conducted emissions performance, Negative Line, CISPR 22, Class B, full load [4] Layout Recommendations Most applications can use the filtering which is already installed inside the converter or with the addition of the recommended external capacitors. For greater emissions suppression, consider additional filter components and/or shielding. Emissions performance will depend on the user’s PC board layout, the chassis shielding environment and choice of external components. Please refer to Application Note GEAN-02 for further discussion. Since many factors affect both the amplitude and spectra of emissions, we recommend using an engineer who is experienced at emissions suppression. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 14 of 15 RBQ-12/33-D48xB-C Quarter-Brick 400-Watt Isolated DC-DC Converters Vertical Wind Tunnel Murata Power Solutions employs a computer controlled custom-designed closed loop vertical wind tunnel, infrared video camera system, and test instrumentation for accurate airflow and heat dissipation analysis of power products. IR Transparent The system includes a precision low flow-rate anemometer, optical window Variable variable speed fan, power supply input and load controls, Unit under speed fan temperature gauges, and adjustable heating element. test (UUT) The IR camera monitors the thermal performance of the IR Video Unit Under Test (UUT) under static steady-state conditions. A Camera special optical port is used which is transparent to infrared wavelengths. Both through-hole and surface mount converters are soldered down to a 10"x 10" host carrier board for realistic heat absorption and spreading. Both longitudinal and trans- Heating verse airflow studies are possible by rotation of this carrier element board since there are often significant differences in the heat Precision dissipation in the two airflow directions. The combination of low-rate adjustable airflow, adjustable ambient heat, and adjustable anemometer Input/Output currents and voltages mean that a very wide 3” below UUT range of measurement conditions can be studied. The collimator reduces the amount of turbulence adjacent Ambient to the UUT by minimizing airflow turbulence. Such turbu- temperature lence influences the effective heat transfer characteristics sensor and gives false readings. Excess turbulence removes more heat from some surfaces and less heat from others, possibly Airflow causing uneven overheating. collimator Both sides of the UUT are studied since there are different thermal gradients on each side. The adjustable heating element and fan, built-in temperature gauges, and no-contact IR camera mean Figure 11. Vertical Wind Tunnel that power supplies are tested in real-world conditions. Soldering Guidelines Murata Power Solutions recommends the specifications below when installing these converters. These specifications vary depending on the solder type. Exceeding these specifica- tions may cause damage to the product. Your production environment may differ; therefore please thoroughly review these guidelines with your process engineers. Wave Solder Operations for through-hole mounted products (THMT) For Sn/Ag/Cu based solders: For Sn/Pb based solders: Maximum Preheat Temperature 115° C. Maximum Preheat Temperature 105° C. Maximum Pot Temperature 270° C. Maximum Pot Temperature 250° C. Maximum Solder Dwell Time 7 seconds Maximum Solder Dwell Time 6 seconds This product is subject to the following operating requirements Murata Power Solutions, Inc. and the Life and Safety Critical Application Sales Policy: 11 Cabot Boulevard, Mansfield, MA 02048-1151 U.S.A. Refer to: http://www.murata-ps.com/requirements/ ISO 9001 and 14001 REGISTERED Murata Power Solutions, Inc. makes no representation that the use of its products in the circuits described herein, or the use of other technical information contained herein, will not infringe upon existing or future patent rights. The descriptions contained herein do not imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. © 2017 Murata Power Solutions, Inc. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_RBQ-12/33-D48.C01∆ Page 15 of 15